摘要
为科学指导早实核桃水分管理,以8年生早实核桃‘绿岭’为试材,每次分别进行0,15,30,45和60kg/株5个水平的灌水处理,以常规管理园片的灌水量600 kg/（株·次）为对照,研究了不同处理对树干液流、水分利用效率、产量及果实品质的影响.结果表明：0 ～60 kg/（株·次）5个处理及对照的4--9月平均土壤含水量分别为17.16％,18.11％,19.21％,20.30％,21.12％和21.88％;晴天各处理液流速率日变化曲线随着土壤含水量的减小由单峰变为双峰,且主峰的波峰变窄;瞬时最大液流速率及日平均液流速率均以60 ks/（株·次）或对照最大;各处理蒸腾速率、光合速率日变化均呈单峰曲线,水分利用效率日变化为双峰曲线,日平均水分利用效率以30kg/（株·次）最高,为1.54 mmol/mol;随着土壤水分的减少,叶片水势日变化曲线由“V”型变为“W”型,日平均叶片 水势以对照最高,为-1.23 MPa;坚果品质随着土壤含水量的增大得以一定程度的提高,产量随着土壤含水量的增加先增大后减小,两者之间呈‘抛物线’状相关.早实核桃‘绿岭’的最适土壤含水量范围为20.01％ ～21.96％.
For scientific guidance of precocious walnut water management,8 years old‘Lüling＇walnut trees were used as materials,5 irrigation quantity treatments were used including 0,15,30,45 and 60 kg water per plant one time respectively,orchard of routine irrigation which was 600 kg water per plant one time as control,the influences of different treatments on sap flow,water use efficiency,yield and fruit quality were studied. The results showed that the average soil water content of 5 treatments and control were 17. 16%,18. 11%,19. 21%,20. 30%,21. 12% and 21. 88% across April to September respectively. In sunny day,diurnal variation curve of sap flow rate changed from unimodal to bimodal with decreasing of soil water content,and the main peak was narrow. The maximum instantaneous sap flow rate and daily average sap flow rate were found with 60 kg of water or control. Changes in the transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate showed a single peak curve,water use efficiency changed for a double peak curve,the highest average daily water use efficiency was 1. 54mmol / mol,and the treatment was 30 kg water per plant one time. With the decreasing in soil water,leaf water potential,curve of diurnal variation of leaf water potential changed from＂V＂to＂W＂type,and the average daily leaf water potential of control was- 1. 23 MPa as the highest. Nut quality was improved if the soil water content increased to a certain degree,with the increasing of soil water content,the yield increased initially and then decreased,and there was a‘parabola＇shaped correlation between them. The optimal soil water content of precocious walnut ‘Lüling＇ranged from 20. 01%-21. 96%.
出处
《林业科技开发》
北大核心
2015年第2期17-23,共7页
China Forestry Science and Technology
基金
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD14B0103)
河北省科技支撑计划项目(14236811D)
作者简介
马华冰（1990-），女，硕士生，研究方向为经济林栽培生理。
通信作者：李保国，男，教授。E-mail：lbg888@163．com
