摘要
【目的】棉蚜Aphis gossypii是世界各地室内和室外果树、蔬菜和观赏植物上最具危害性的害虫之一。这一害虫取食植物汁液,产生蜜露,传播植物病毒,对植物从质和量上产生破坏。为了控制温室中的这一害虫,植物精油可用作化学农药的替代药物。本实验研究了印度藏茴香Carum copticum植物精油对棉蚜成虫的熏蒸毒性。【方法】将研磨的印度藏茴香干种子用改良的挥发油提取器(Clevenger-type apparatus)进行水蒸馏。所有生物测定均在27±2℃,相对湿度65%±5%和光周期16L∶8D条件下进行。研究采用完全随机设计,6个处理(5个不同浓度的精油加对照)。每一浓度3次重复,每一重复20头成虫。【结果】结果表明,棉蚜成蚜接触印度藏茴香精油24 h后出现明显的死亡。该精油对棉蚜成蚜的致死中浓度(LC50)为1.21μL/L空气。棉蚜成蚜的死亡百分率对精油的施用表现出较高的敏感性。精油浓度为1.21μL/L空气时,估计的棉蚜的致死中时(LT50)为11.79 h。这一精油的熏蒸毒性与浓度和接触时间之间具有一定的相关性。GC/MS组分分析结果表明,该精油由18种化合物组成,最重要的是一些化合物引起了熏蒸毒性,如麝香草酚(占50.07%)、γ-萜品烯(占23.99%)和对异丙基苯甲烷(占22.90%)。【结论】本研究结果表明印度藏茴香植物精油对棉蚜具有较好的杀虫效果。印度藏茴香精油对棉蚜产生较大的影响,由于它具有较高的熏蒸毒性潜力,因此可在温室中用于这一害虫的综合治理。
[ Aim ] The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is one of the most injurious pests of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants worldwide, both outdoor and indoor. This insect, which feeds from plant sap, produces honeydew and transmits plant viruses, and causes quantitative and qualitative damages in plants. For controlling this pest in greenhouse, plant essential oils are used as an ahemative to chemical insecticides. So in this research the fumigant toxicity of Carum copticum L. （Apiaceae） essential oil against A. gossypii adults was studied. [ Methods ] Dry ground seeds of C. copticum were subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. All bioassay tests were conducted at 27 ± 2℃, 65% ±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L： 8D. This research was performed with a completely random design with 6 treatments （5 different concentrations of essential oils plus the control）. Each concentration included 3 replicates and each replicate consisted of 20 adult pests. [ Results ] The results showed that the C. copticum essential oil caused significant mortality of adults 24 hours after exposure. The LC50value of the essential oil against A. gossypii adults was 1.21 μL/L air. The mortality percentage of A. gossypii showed higher sensitivity to application of the essential oil. The LT50value of this essential oil estimated for A. gossypii at the concentration of 1.21 μL/L air was 11.79 h. The fumigant toxicity of this essential oil had an ordered relationship with the concentration and time exposure. Results of GC/MS constituents showed that the essential oil consisted of 18 chemical compounds and most importantly included thymol （ 50.07% ）, gama-terpinene （ 23.99% ）, and p- cymene （22.90%）. [ Conclusion] The results suggest that C. copticum essential oil has appropriate insecticidal effects on cotton aphids, which may have a promising potential to be used in the integrated pest management programs of pest insects in greenhouses.
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期147-153,共7页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
关键词
棉蚜
印度藏茴香
精油
熏蒸毒性
气相色谱-质谱
Aphis gossypii
Carum copticum
essential oil
fumigant toxicity
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
作者简介
Corresponding author, E-mail： mahdavi@ uma. ac. ir
