摘要
通过大田试验研究了钾肥不同施用时期对红富士苹果产量、品质、钾肥利用效率及叶片和果实养分含量的影响.结果表明：与对照（不施钾）相比,增施钾肥显著提高了苹果产量4.3%~33.2%,且具有明显改善果品质量的作用.与100%钾基施相比,膨大期施钾处理（50%基施＋50%膨大期施、50%花后施＋50%膨大期施、100%膨大期施）苹果产量显著增加20.5%~27.7%,果品质量亦有所改善.50%基施＋50%膨大期施和50%花后施＋50%膨大期施钾处理在苹果增产和改善品质的基础上,明显提高了果园的钾肥利用效率,并维持了果实生长周期中叶片钾含量的相对稳定,为树体钾素的持续供应提供了保障.然而,50%花后施＋50%膨大期施钾处理果实钙含量显著下降,不利于果实后期贮藏.综合考虑,50%基施＋50%膨大期施为果园钾肥施用的最佳时期.
In order to ascertain the effects of potassium fertilizer application periods on apple pro- duction, we conducted a field experiment and analyzed the differences in apple yield, fruit quality, potassium fertilizer use efficiency, and nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruits among treatments with differences in timing of potassium application. The results indicated that, compared with no po- tassium-applied treatment （CK）, all potassium fertilizer application treatments significantly in- creased the apple yield by 4.3%-33.2%, meanwhile, it also obviously improved the fruit quality. In comparison with the application of 100% potassium fertilizer as a base, the application of 50% or 100% of potassium fertilizer at the fruit enlargement stage （the remaining 50% applied as a base or after flowering） significantly increased the apple yield by 20.5%-27.7% and improved the fruit quality. Compared with the application 100% potassium fertilizer at the stage of fruit enlargement, the evenly split application as base flowering stage and at the fruit enlargement stage not only con- tributed to a higher yield, better quality and higher potassium use efficiency, but also maintained a tration of calcium in fruit, which would be negative to fruit quality. In conclusion, our research sug- gested that evenly split application of potassium fertilizer as a base and at the fruit enlargement stage was the suitable period for apple production in Fuji apple orchards in this region.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期1179-1185,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20100314)
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目资助
关键词
红富士苹果
施钾时期
产量
品质
钾肥利用效率
Fuji apple
potassium fertilization period
yield
quality
potassium use efficiency.
作者简介
路永莉，女，1987年生，博士研究生．主要从事果园养分优化利用及其综合管理研究．E—mail：yongli1210@126．com
通讯作者．E—mail：tongyanan@nwsuaf,edu．cn
