摘要
[目的]分析不同生育阶段干旱胁迫对杂交稻产量及其构成因素的影响,对指导高原山区水稻应对常发季节性干旱提供理论参考。[方法]选用杂交籼稻品种‘两优585’‘金优785’和‘紫优93’,种植于水泥池中,分别于有效分蘖期、无效分蘖期、幼穗分化前期、幼穗分化后期（花粉细胞形成期）、抽穗开花期、灌浆结实期进行耕作层土壤相对湿度约70%的干旱处理,干旱处理持续20d后复水,以长期淹水为对照,研究不同生育阶段干旱对水稻产量与重要群体质量指标形成动态的影响。[结果]各生育阶段干旱均较对照减产,减产率为3.6%～31.1%,有效分蘖期、幼穗分化前期干旱处理对产量的影响最大,其次是抽穗开花期、花粉细胞形成期、灌浆结实期干旱处理,无效分蘖期干旱处理对产量影响最小。与对照相比,有效分蘖期干旱处理降低了有效穗数,幼穗分化期干旱处理降低了穗粒数,抽穗开花期干旱处理降低了结实率和千粒质量,灌浆结实期干旱处理降低了千粒质量。在水稻群体形成过程中,有效分蘖期干旱处理致分蘖生长受到抑制,即使成穗率高,但是群体过小,干物质积累的基础小;幼穗分化期干旱处理抑制叶的生长,干物质积累少,幼穗发育不良,抑制了颖花分化;抽穗开花期、灌浆结实期干旱处理引起干物质积累受限是产量降低的重要原因。[结论]不同生育期遭遇长期（20d）的中度水分胁迫致使杂交籼稻发生不同程度的减产,并且复水后不能得到完全补偿。
[Objectives]Many of the rice-growing areas lack adequate irrigation facilities.This study explored the effect of drought stress at different growth durations on grain yield of indica hybrid rice in the plateau mountain region of southwest China.[Methods]We excepted to provide very useful information to cope with seasonal drought which occurred frequently in the local areas.Three indica hybrid rice cultivars including‘Liangyou 585＇ ‘Jinyou 785 ＇and ‘Ziyou 93 ＇ were used as materials for tanks-experiment in two years.Ten days after transplanting,water was controlled by relative water content of soil at a 20cm depth around 70% in six growth periods,i.e.,productive tillering stage（PTS）,unproductive tillering stage（NPTS）,early stage of panicle initiation（EPDS）,late stage of panicle initiation（LPDS）,ear sprouting stage（ESS）,grain filling stage（GFS） and continuous flooding as control check（CK）.Each of six stress treatments was flooded after 20 days of drought treatment,respectively.[Results]Compared with CK,grain yields of all six drought stress treatments decreased by 3.6%-31.1%.Among these drought stress treatment,the highest grain yield was achieved by the drought stress at unproductive tillering stage.And the lowest grain yields were achieved by drought stress at productive tillering stage or early stage of panicle initiation,followed by drought stress at heading period,late stage of panicle initiation and grain filling stage.Compared with CK,productive panicles per unit area were reduced by drought stress treatment in productive tillering growth period,the number of spikelet per panicle and seed setting rate was reduced by drought stress in panicle initiation growth period,and 1 000-grain weight was reduced by drought stress in grain filling period.In the rice population forming process,tiller growth was restrained by drought stress in productive tillering period,which caused smaller biomass accumulation de-spite higher effective spike rate.The top three leaves and productive leaves were restrained by drought stress in panicle initiation period,lower LAI caused smaller dry matter accumulation,and dry matter translocation and distribution was reduced by drought stress in heading and grain filling periods.[Conclusions]Long period（20d） moderate drought stress at different development stages led to the yield losses of hybrid indica rice in varing degrees,which could not be completely compensated even by rewatering.
出处
《南京农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第2期173-181,共9页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B05
2013BAD20B05
2012BAD04B08)
中央高校基本业务费重大专项(KYTZ201402)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102)
国家自然科学基金项目(31360314)
贵州省科技成果重点推广计划项目(黔科合成字〔2012〕5019)
关键词
杂交籼稻
生育期
干旱胁迫
产量
高原山区
indica hybrid rice
growth stages
drought stress
grain yield
plateau mountain area
作者简介
江学海，博士研究生。
通信作者：丁艳锋，教授，博导，研究方向为作物生理生态，E-mail：dingyf@njau．edu．cn。
