摘要
目的 了解宜昌市夷陵区儿童哮喘的患病率、分布特征、高危因素及防治现状,为科学防治提供依据。方法采取随机分层整群抽样方法,抽取0-14岁儿童2800名,填写哮喘初筛调查表,初筛阳性者确诊后填写哮喘调查表,共收集合格初筛表2656份。采用病例-对照研究,明确儿童哮喘的危险因素、患病率、发病规律及防治现状等,数据使用epi-info软件双录入,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 确诊哮喘110例,累计患病率4.14%,男女性别比为1.82∶1;患病率较高的年龄段为0-3岁和4-6岁;哮喘急性发作以清晨和午夜居多;好发季节主要为换季和冬季;发病诱因主要为呼吸道感染;个人和家族过敏性疾病史为哮喘的危险因素;确诊哮喘患儿中,使用过峰流速仪者占17.3%、进行过敏原检测者占11.8%,进行过肺功能测定者占14.5%;哮喘急性发作中药物使用速效β2受体激动剂占87.3%,抗生素占80.9%,吸入激素占57.6%,氨茶碱占51.8%。结论 宜昌市夷陵区0-6岁儿童为哮喘高发人群;具有个人湿疹、食物过敏病史以及家族哮喘史为其高危因素;此次调查资料是本地区关于哮喘的一手资料,为以后儿童哮喘的规范管理、教育和防治提供了依据。
Objective To investigate the morbidity,distribution,risk factors and current situation of prevention and control of childhood asthma in Yi Ling district of Yi Chang city,and to provide the basis for scientific prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods Total 2800 cases of children（ aged 0- 14 years old） were enrolled in the survey by using the method of random cluster sampling in Yi Ling district of Yi Chang. The childhood asthma was screened by the questionnaire. The morbidity,distribution,risk factors and therapy of childhood asthma were analyzed by case control research. Epi Info software package was employed to analyze the data. It has statistical difference if P value 〈0. 05. Results 110 cases were confirmed asthma. The total morbidity was 4. 14%. The ratio of male to female was 1. 82∶ 1. The age groups with higher prevalence were 0- 3 years and 4- 6 years. The acute attack of asthma was common onset in early morning and midnight,especially in winter or seasonal changes. The main attack causes were respiratory infection. Personal or family history of allergic was a risk factor for asthma. 17. 3% asthma cases were diagnosed by peak flow meter,11. 8% asthma cases were detected with allergens,and 14. 5% asthma cases were detected pulmonary function. 87. 3% asthma cases were treated with β2agonist drugs,80. 9% asthma cases antibiotics,57. 6% asthma cases with inhaled steroid,51. 8% asthma cases with aminophylline. Conclusion 0 to 6y old children in our district are risk samples which easily develop to asthma. The personal history of eczema,food allergies,and family history of asthma are the risk factors. The survey is the first-hand information about asthma in the region and it will be helpful for management of children with asthma in future.
出处
《中华全科医学》
2015年第2期257-259,共3页
Chinese Journal of General Practice
关键词
儿童
哮喘
流行病学
Children
Asthma
Epidemiology
作者简介
通信作者：刘明云，E—mail：331561955@qq．com
