摘要
目的 了解河北省农村儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种现状及其影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供参考依据。方法 采用多阶段与概率比例规模抽样相结合方法对在河北省石家庄市和保定市抽取的4个县12个村的1 106名≤15岁儿童进行问卷调查,采用多水平logistic回归模型分析农村儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种的影响因素。结果 河北省农村儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率分别为98.4%和81.4%;1~3、4~6、7~9、10~12、13~15岁农村儿童乙肝疫苗接种率和乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率分别为98.4%和84.4%、97.3%和84.7%、98.5%和85.3%、98.1%和78.7%、100.0%和72.2%,不同年龄组农村儿童乙肝疫苗接种率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率差异有统计学意义（χ2=17.993,P=0.001）;多水平模型分析结果显示,年龄越小、出生在高级别医疗卫生服务机构、具有户籍和父母受教育程度较高的儿童首针及时接种较好。结论 多水平模型适用于层次结构数据的儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种分析,确保儿童在医疗机构出生,重视无户籍新生儿及提高父母认知是提高农村儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种的重要举措。
Objective To explore the status and influence factors of timely first dose of hepatitis B vaccination among rural children in Hebei province and to provide evidences for making related intervention strategy. Methods Totally 1106 children aged ≤15 years were selected from 12 villages in 4 counties in Baoding and Shijiazhuang city with probability proportionate to size sampling and were investigated using a questionnaire. Multilevel logistic model was e ployed to analyze the influence factors of the timely first dose vaccination. Results The coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination and the timely first dose vaccination were 98.4% and 81.4% ; and the coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccination were 98.4% ,97.3% ,98.5% ,98.1% ,and 100. 0% and the rates of timely first dose vaccination were 84.4% ,84. 7%, 85.3% ,78.7% ,and 72. 2% for the children aged 1 -3,4 -6,7 -9,10 - 12,and 13 - 15 years,respectively. There were no statistical differences in the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination among the children of different age （ P 〉 0. 05 ）, while the differences in the rates of timely first dose vaccination among the children of different age groups were statistically different（x^2 = 17. 993, P = 0. 001 ）. Multilevel logistic regression revealed that timely first dose vaccination associated with younger age, born in the medical facilities of higher degree and with the parents having higher education. Conclusion Ensuring the deliveries of the newborns in medical facilities, concerning on the newborns without household registration and improving knowledge level about the vaccination among the parents of the newborns are important measures for increasing coverage of timely first dose hepatitis B vaccination among rural children.
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第12期1496-1499,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(71303171)
关键词
乙肝疫苗
首针及时接种
影响因素
多水平模型
hepatitis B vaccine
timely first dose vaccination
influence factor
multilevel model
作者简介
刘彩（1985-），女，山东潍坊人，讲师，博士，研究方向：卫生政策与卫生管理。
