摘要
竹类植物是一类以木本为主的克隆植物,凭借表型可塑性的优势,对异质生境具有很强适应能力。然而,目前对竹类植物表型可塑性的实现方式及其异质生境适应对策未见系统总结,从而在一定程度上限制了竹类生态学的发展。从形态可塑性、选择性放置、克隆整合和克隆分工等4个方面对竹类植物的表型可塑性研究进行分析和梳理,结果表明:竹类植物在异质生境中具有明显的表型可塑反应,主要采用形态可塑性、选择性放置和克隆整合来适应异质生境,而克隆分工的普遍性仍有待验证;目前侧重于研究构件形态和生物量分配格局,而很少深入探讨形态、生理和行为等可塑性机理。今后竹类植物表型可塑性研究重点在于:1)克隆整合的格局与机理;2)克隆整合对生态系统的影响;3)克隆分工的形成及其与环境关系;4)表型可塑性的等级性及环境影响;5)不同克隆构型的表型可塑性特征及其内在机制。
Since heterogeneity is ubiquitous,plant phenotypic plasticity is a vital ecological countermeasure to adapt to the heterogeneous habitat. Owing to the double modularity,the clonal plant has higher phenotypic plasticity and then acquires higher adaptability than other plants. Bamboo is a group of clonal plants,and mainly composed of woody plants. Bamboo could grow well in the difficult site and heterogeneous habitat where most plants hardly survive. Meanwhile,bamboo can expand rapidly to broad-leaved forest in the bamboo-forest ecotone. Compared with most plants,bamboo has stronger adaptability to heterogenous habitat due to its higher phenotypic plasticity. Thus,in order to advance the development of bamboo ecology, it is necessary to systematically summarize the bamboo phenotypic plasticity and adaptation countermeasures to heterogeneous habitat. Literature analysis shows that bamboo has obvious phenotypic plasticity to respond to heterogeneous habitat. Four realizing ways of phenotypic plasticity including morphological plasticity, selective placement,clonal integration and intraclonal division of labor,are exerted by bamboo to cope with heterogeneous habitat.Firstly,bamboo modifies the morphology,such as height,diameter,leaf area,spacer length,node number,branching angle,biomass etc,to adapt to the changes of above-ground or under-ground resources. The morphological modification is adapted to the resource level. In the poor resource habitat,energy is mainly invested in the constructing of absorbingstructures in order to increase resource absorption. In contrast,most energy is invested in the growth of ramet to increase plant biomass in the rich resource habitat. Secondly,bamboo grows more ramets in the fertile microhabitat than that of in the infertile microhabitat. Thus,bamboo can acquire more survival resources and adapt to the unfavorable habitat. The selective placement is achieved by altering the spacer length,branching angle and branching intensity. Clearly,it is an active behavior to adapt to the heterogeneous habitat. Thirdly,clonal integration behavior helps bamboo ramets in unfertile habitat gain resource from those in fertile habitat. Actually,bamboo shoot growth is a typical process of clonal integration,because the new shoot need obtain the nutrients from mother ramets. However,the direction and intensity of clonal integration could be altered with the variation of resource distribution in the heterogeneous habitat. Fourthly,intraclonal division of labor is another important countermeasure to deal with the heterogeneous habitat. Clonal integration and specialization of ramet are two basic prerequisites for intraclonal division of labor. Although many studies of intraclonal division of labor were developed in herbaceous plants,little is known about that in bamboo. Therefore,we need further confirm whether the intraclonal division of labor is commonly used by bamboo. Overall,the present studies focus on modular morphology and biomass allocation pattern,while little attention is paid on the mechanism of phenotypic plasticity. In the future,the researches on bamboo phenotypic plasticity shall be focused on the following 5 aspects： 1） pattern and mechanism of clonal integration;2） influence of clonal integration on ecosystem stability; 3） mechanism of intraclonal division of labor,and its relationship with environment; 4） hierarchical selection of phenotypic plasticity and the environmental effect; 5） differences of phenotypic plasticity in different types of clonal architecture,and their mechanisms.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第20期5687-5695,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(31260174
31260120)
教育部科学技术研究重点项目(211089)
江西省教育厅青年科学基金(GJJ09476)
关键词
竹类植物
异质生境
表型可塑性
克隆整合
克隆分工
选择性放置
bamboo
heterogeneous habitat
phenotypic plasticity
clonal integration
intraclonal division of labor
selective placement
作者简介
通讯作者Corresponding author．E—mail：yanggy2004@126．com
