摘要
宋代气象预报分为朝廷、军队、官员个人和民间等系统。朝廷的气象预报主要由太史局、翰林天文院两个机构负责,气象变化以及预报,必须秘密报告皇帝。出于垄断气象观测、预报的需要,对相关的天文术数之类的人员也严加控制。宋代官方的气象预报颇有成绩,有时相当准确。军队另有一套气象预报,《武经总要》中的《天地日月星辰风云气候之式占候诀》5卷,就是古代军事气象的汇总。官员个人结合历代经验和个人经验,常常对未来气象做出自己的判断,预报朝廷在技术和政治方面予以应对。对一时一地社会生产、生活中真正起作用的,还是民间单纯、实用的气象预报。通俗易懂的气象谚语,大大普及了民众的气象知识和气象预报经验。宋代气象预报为社会生产、生活提供了可贵的预警,减轻了灾害带来的损失,保障着生命财产安全,其作用不可低估。
The weather forecast is divided into court, army, officials and civil system. Taishi Bureau and the Imperial Astronomical Institute are primarily responsible for the weather forecast, and the climate change and forecast must be secretly reported to the emperor. Because of the need to forestall meteoro- logical observation and prediction, the astronomical numbers also strictly are controlled. The official weather forecast in the Song Dynasty has made achievements, sometimes quite accurate. The army has another weather forecast--＂Sun, Moon, the Stars of Heaven and Earth Wind, Cloud Climate Type Zhan Hou Jue ＂ 5 volumes in WuJingZongYao--which is the ancient military meteorological summary. Offi-cials, with the historical experience and personal experience, often make their own judgment on the future weather to tell the government in order to respond technically and politically. The simple and practical folk weather forecast really works in the moment of social production and life. The accessible weather proverbs have greatly popularized public meteorological knowledge and experience. The weath- er forecast has provided valuable warnings for the social production and life in the Song Dynasty, reduced the losses caused by disasters, and ensured the safety of life and property. Its role can not be underestimated.
出处
《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期1-10,158,共10页
Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)
关键词
宋代
气象预报
气象谚语
the Song Dynasty
weather forecast
weather proverb
作者简介
程民生（1956-），男，河南开封人，回族，历史学博士，河南大学历史文化学院教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向：宋史。
