摘要
对江淮地区近期发掘的四个考古遗址进行了地震考古研究,发现了丰富的构造变形现象,包括古地震事件。其中固镇小李家遗址的汉代砖室墓变形具有统一的方向性,显示受区域NE-SW向构造应力作用形成,与强烈地震的快速变形无关;合肥乱墩子遗址的多数竖穴土坑墓存在不规则变形,但M66的压扭变形可能受郯庐断裂右旋走滑活动牵引形成,也与地震力作用无关。在和县大城子遗址和马鞍山申东遗址发现古地震遗迹,主要为地震裂缝、文化层位错及褶曲。在和县大城子遗址通过文化层中木炭的AMS14 C测年确定出西周中晚期的一次古地震事件(2 580±30)^(2 760±30)a BP;在马鞍山申东遗址通过文化层考古断代及地震裂缝与文化层的切割关系识别出一次古地震事件亦发生于西周中晚期。最后综合本次研究与前人对江淮地区西周时期的古地震研究成果,初步认为西周中晚期江淮地区处于中强地震活跃期。
Seismological archeology is an interdisciplinary study of archeology and seismology that studies the ancient earthquakes of archeological sites using seismic,geological, and archeological methods. It enriches the understanding of the laws of seismic activities, and thereby provides in- formation for seismic deformation phenomenon analysis, earthquake prediction, and seismic hazard assessment. According to historical records, eastern China underwent moderate and strong seismic activity,but there is a lack of historical records and even less information on its prehistoric seis- mological archeology. The eastern China area,across the Qinling-Dabie collision zone, falls mostly in the North China plate and Southern China plate boundary zones,and its prehistoric earthquake activity is worthy of study. Based on the above considerations and with the support of the China Earthquake Administration industry-scientific special project＂Recognition and study of prehistoric earthquakes in the North China and Southern China border belt,＇we conducted cooperative re- search m seismic archeology with the departments of cultural relics and archeology. The Jianghuai area is located at the intersection of the Qinling-Dabie collision zone and the Tan-lu fault zone, and it is a highly significant area for the study of its prehistoric earthquake events. We conducted earthquake archaeological research in four archeological excavations sites in the Jianghuai region and found abundant tectonic deformation phenomena, including newly discovered ancient seismic events. The four archeological sites are the Guzhen Xiaolijia site, Hefei Luandunzi site, Hexian Dachengzi site,and Maanshan Shendong site. The Guzhen Xiaolijia and Hefei Luandunzi sites re- vealed continuous tectonic deformation characteristics of ancient ruins, pointing to their relationship with earthquakes. The results show that most earth-pit tombs of the Hefei Luandunzi site are in irregular deformation, but the deformation of M66 is obviously affected by the Tan-lu fault dextral slip traction formation, which also has nothing to do with the seismic loads. The excavation exposed some ancient earthquake ruins in the Hexian Dachengzi and Maanshan Shendong sites, which mainly include earthquake fissures, cultural layer dislocation, and fold iohenomenon. Many earthquake fissures were found in the Hexian Dachengzi site,with the fracture filled with black- yellow powder sand,the sand source for the underlying silty strata;the crack length is 0.5～3 m and width is 2～5 cm. Based on the stratigraphic horizontal relationship, these cracks were determined to have developed in the （10） and（ 5 ） layers. In order to establish the time the seismic event occurred, we collected six 14 C samples in the （ 11 ）, （ 10 ）, and （ 5 ） layers. Three samples were sent to BETA laboratory in the USA for testing. Sample test results show that the ages for the（11）, （10） ,and（5）layers are （2 990±30） BP, （2 760±30） BP,and （2 580±30） BP,respectively. Thus, the earthquake occurred between（2 580±30） BP and （2 760±30） BP,with a calendar age of 760 ～980 BC,during the middle to late Western Zhou Dynasty. At the Maanshan Shendong site,an earthquake fissure was found with a bottomless crack terminating in the middle part of the cultur- al layer. By archeologically dating the cultural layer and the cutting relationship between the earthquake fissure and the cultural layer, we identified a paleoearthquake event which also oc- curred in the middle to late Western Zhou Dynasty. Comprehensive research results of this ancient earthquake with the previous research in the Jianghuai region of the Western Zhou Dynasty sug- gest that the Jianghuai area in the middle to late Western Zhou experienced a moderate-strong earthquake activity period.
出处
《地震工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期261-268,共8页
China Earthquake Engineering Journal
基金
地震行业科研专项(201308012)
关键词
江淮地区
地震考古
古地震
地震裂缝
文化层
西周
Jianghuai area
seismological archaeology
paleoearthquake
earthquake fissure
cultural layer
the Western Zhou Dynasty
作者简介
杨源源（1988-），男（汉族），硕士，助理工程师，主要从事地震地质研究．E—mail：yuanyuanyang_1988@126．com
