摘要
为探索气候变化背景下的小麦适宜播期和密度,明确不同年型下不同播期和密度对小麦群体性状和产量的影响,以1951—2015年泰安地区的气象数据为基础,根据冬前积温划分出不同年型,并利用DSSAT模型进行不同播期(10月3日、10月8日、10月13日、10月18日、10月23日、10月28日)和密度(每公顷分别为150万、180万、210万、240万、270万、300万)下的小麦生长模拟。结果表明:偏暖年型,该地冬小麦最适播期在10月13日左右,正常年型最适播期在10月8日左右,偏冷年型在10月3日左右;在一定种植密度范围内,小麦产量随密度增大而增加,适宜密度(基本苗)为300万/hm^2;小麦总茎数和叶面积指数随播期推迟和密度减少而减少;各播期下小麦总茎数均表现为偏暖年型﹥正常年型﹥偏冷年型。偏冷年型小麦总茎数随密度增大而增多,偏暖和正常年型低密度条件下小麦通过调节作用也可获得较高的总茎数。播期、密度对产量、穗粒数和单位面积穗数的影响均达极显著;年型与播期的交互作用对穗粒数和千粒重影响极显著,对产量和穗数影响显著;播期与密度的交互作用对产量的影响达显著水平。
In order to explore the optimal sowing date and appropriate planting density of wheat under the background of climate change, the effects of different sowing date and planting density on the population traits and yield of wheat under different year types were studied. Based on the meteorological data of Taian region from 1951 to 2015, different year types were classified according to the pre-winter accumulated temperature. The DSSAT model was used to simulate wheat growth at different sowing dates(October 3 rd, October 8 th, October 13 th, October 18 th, October 23 th, October 28 th) and densities(1.5 million/hm^2, 1.8 million/hm^2, 2.1 million/hm^2, 2.4 million/hm^2, 2.7 million/hm^2 and 3.0 million/hm^2). The results showed that the best sowing date for winter wheat was around October 13 th in warm years, October 8 th in normal year and October 3 th in cold years. In a certain planting density range, the wheat yield increased with the increase of planting density, the optimum density was 3.0 million/hm^2. The total stem number and leaf area index of wheat decreased with the delay of sowing date and the decrease of density. Under each sowing date, the total number of wheat stems presented as warm years﹥normal years﹥cold years. In cold years, the total stem numbers of wheat increased with the increase of density, while in warm or normal years, that might be high by self-regulation under low density. There was very significant difference in yield under different sowing time and densities as well as in grain number and panicle number per unit area. The grain number per ear and thousand-seed weight were influenced extremely significantly and the yield and panicle number were influenced significantly by interaction between year type and sowing date. The interaction between sowing date and density had a significant effect on yield.
作者
王兰
王良
刘肖瑜
李学国
焦进宇
张豆豆
陈国庆
Wang Lan;Wang Liang;Liu Xiaoyu;Li Xueguo;Jiao Jinyu;Zhang Doudou;Chen Guoqing(Agronomy College,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
2019年第3期29-35,共7页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31471414)
关键词
冬小麦
DSSAT
播期
年型
种植密度
Winter wheat
DSSAT
Sowing date
Year type
Planting density
作者简介
王兰(1994—),女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为农业信息化。E-mail:852805128@qq.com;通讯作者:陈国庆(1979—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向为农业信息化。E-mail:gqchen@sdau.edu.cn.
