摘要
随着国家扩大内需政策的执行,农户已成为农村经济与农村工业化的主体。中国农村工业化发展不仅促进了中国农村经济的发展,有效地转移了农村剩余劳动力,而且使得农村经济结构持续优化,农民生活水平逐步提高,这对中国经济社会的稳定和发展具有重要的贡献作用。笔者介绍了农村工业化的内涵,根据农户投资与经济发展历程的不同,将农村工业化发展模式分为外生型农村工业化发展模式、内生型农村工业化发展模式、综合型农村工业化发展模式3种。尽管农村工业化取得了辉煌的成果,但也出现了一些问题制约着中国农村经济的发展,主要表现在:①认识上的偏差造成农村工业化进程缓慢;②农村工业发展速度快但效益低下;③经济增长的集约化程度还很低;④自主创新能力薄弱;⑤资源环境约束与工业化加速推进的矛盾突出;⑥地区间的发展差距进一步拉大。因此,提出了政府必须从以下几个方面着手的政策建议:首先,继续加强政策性支持;第二,走新型农村工业化道路;第三,加强农村人力资源建设;第四,积极引导农户投资行为;第五,扶持农民专业合作社和龙头企业,对实现农业增效、农民增收、农村发展和发展现代农业都具有一定的借鉴意义。
With the implementation of the policy of expanding domestic demand,farmers have become the main body of rural economy and rural industrialization.Development of rural industrialization promotes the development of rural economy in China,effectively transfers the surplus labor force in rural areas,continuously optimizes the rural economic structure,improves the living standard of farmers,and has made important contributions to the stability and development of economy and society in China.This paper introduces the connotation of rural industrialization,classifies it into three modes according to the farmer's investment and economic development,such as exogenous model of rural industrialization,endogenous model of rural industrialization and integrated model of rural industrialization.Though rural industrialization has obtained great achievements,there are still some problems restricting the development of rural economy in China.For instance,cognitive bias leads to the slow pace of rural industrialization;rural industry develops rapidly but its efficiency is low;intensive degree of economic growth is still very low;ability of independent innovation is weak;there are obvious contradiction between the constraints of resource and environment and the acceleration of industrialization;and development gap between regions has further widened.Therefore,policy suggestions are put forward.Firstly,continue to strengthen policy support.Secondly,take a new road of rural industrialization.Thirdly,strengthen the construction of human resources in rural areas.Fourthly,actively guide the investment behavior of farmers.And finally,support the specialty cooperative of farmers and the leading enterprises,which has certain reference significance to enhance agricultural benefit,farmers' income,rural development and modern agriculture.
基金
Supported by the National Social Science Fund Projects (04XJY017)
关键词
农村工业化
发展模式
政策建议
Rural industrialization
Development model
Policy suggestion
China
