摘要
航天器在发射过程要经受严酷的动力学环境,为保证航天器发射和在轨运行的可靠性,必须在地面开展相关的动力学环境试验验证.以我国空间站为代表的大型航天器与以往的卫星产品相比,尺寸和质量大幅增加,原有的试验方法及试验设备不能满足地面力学试验验证的需求,如何开展地面力学试验并保证其有效性等问题是亟需解决的关键技术.本文介绍了我国飞船、空间站等大型航天器动力学试验验证技术的发展成果,包括动力学试验方法、振动试验静载补偿技术,分析了分段试验技术的可行性,以及大型力学试验设备研制的可行性和技术难点等,并对未来大型航天器地面力学试验验证技术的发展进行展望.
Spacecraft must undergo such phase as lift-off,inter-stage separation,fairing jettisoning and spacecraft/launch vehicle separation during the launch.And the dynamic environments of these phases can be divided into vibration,acoustics, shock,etc.To assure its reliability in launch and in-orbit phases,many ground dynamic tests must be carried out in the process of development of the spacecraft,such as vibration test,acoustic test,shock test and so on.In the past few decades,with the successful launch of many spacecrafts and satellites,China has accumulated a lot of test experience and established an effective dynamic environment test specification and standard.But,the dimension and the mass of the Chinese space station have greatly increased compared to the previous satellites.The customary test methods and test facilities cannot satisfy the requirements of the ground dynamic test verification of the large scale spacecraft.For example,the force of vibration table required for vibration test is estimated to far more than the capacity of the largest single electrodynamic vibration shaker.So how to carry out the ground dynamic test for these large scale spacecra.fts and ensure their validity is the key technical problem should be solved.This paper mainly introduces the developmen(of the dynamic test verification technology of large scale spacecraft such as "Tianzhou"cargo spacecraft and space station. Firstly,the methods of the vibration test and the acoustic test are presented.Secondly,the static load compensation technology in vibration test,the method of the section test,and the extrapolation technique based on the test data are discussed detailedly,and their merit and shortcoming are summarized respectively.Moreover,the technical difficulties research in the large scale vibration shaker and the reverberation chamber are analyzed,especially in the shaker head expander table and the slip table.The development of VTS-1400 vibration test system and RATF-4000 reverberation chamber at Tianjing AIT Test Center are presented in following.Finally,the prospect of the development of the large scale spacecraft dynamic environment test is proposed.
作者
张俊刚
何玲
高海洋
刘明辉
岳志勇
ZHANG JunGang;HE Ling;GAO HaiYang;LIU MingHui;YUE ZhiYong(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期31-39,共9页
Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica
