摘要
利用常规地面和高空观测资料、加密自动站资料和多普勒雷达资料,对2016年6月山东两次强对流天气的雷达特征、环境条件等进行了对比分析,结果表明:6月14日强对流天气主要是横槽转竖引导冷空气南下引起,6月30日强对流天气发生在高空槽前、山东高低层受一致西南气流影响的环流形势下,地面辐合线是两次过程的触发机制。6月14日垂直风切变和风暴承载层平均风均比30日大很多,致使14日的超级单体风暴持续时间更长、强度更强。风暴相对螺旋度的大小对强对流天气强弱程度有指示意义。两次过程都在地面辐合线附近生成,都具有中气旋、高悬的强回波、有界弱回波区、回波悬垂、风暴顶辐散等雷达特征,不同的是14日具有倒V形缺口、中层径向辐合、冰雹散射和钩状回波等特征,30日具有窄带回波、径向速度大值区等特征。两次过程都出现了弱旋转对应地面都带来小冰雹天气,这在预报业务中值得注意。两次降雹与风暴单体高度及强度、垂直累积液态水含量及密度、中气旋厚度、最大切变和持续时间密切相关。
By using the routine observation,automatic station and radar echo data,the environmental conditions and echo characteristics of two strong convective weather events in Shandong in June 2016 are analyzed.The results show:The storm on 14 June occurred under the circulation of cold air guided by a transversal trough and that on 30 June appeared under the circulation of the southwest air before the upperlevel trough.The ground mesoscale convergence zones were the trigger mechanism.The average wind speed of the vertical wind shear and storm bearing layer on 14 June was greater than that of 30 June,leading to the obvious strengthening of the storm and the longer duration of the supercell.The magnitude of SRH(Storm Relative Helicity)had a good indication for the strengthening of strong convective weather.Both processes formed near the ground convergence line and had mesocyclones,hanging strong echoes,BWER(Bounded Weak Echo Region),echo pendency,and storm top divergence.The differences were that there was an inverted V-shaped gap,middle-level radial convergence,TBSS(Three-Body Scattering Spike)and hook echoes on 14 June;narrow band echoes and the larger area of radial velocity on30 June.Small hails occurred in two processes caused by weak rotation,which is worth noting in forecasting.Two hail processes are related with the maximum reflectivity,cell top,VIL,and density of the storm,as well as the thickness,maximum shear,and duration of the mesocyclone.
作者
高晓梅
马守强
王世杰
彭潇
魏涛
Gao Xiaomei;Ma Shouqiang;Wang Shijie;Peng Xiao;Wei Tao(Weifang Meteorological Service,Shandong,Weifang 261011;Guizhou Provincial Meteorological Observatory,Guiyang 550000)
出处
《气象科技》
2018年第6期1188-1200,共13页
Meteorological Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41775044和41675046)
中国气象局核心业务发展专项(YBGJXM2017-02)
中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2016-041)
山东省气象局课题(2014sdqxm14和sdyby2017-10)资助
关键词
垂直风切变
雷达特征
风暴承载层平均风
融化层高度
超级单体
vertical wind shear
radar feature
average wind speed of storm bearing layer
melting level
supercell
作者简介
高晓梅,女,1974年生,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事天气与气候分析研究。Ema|1.wfmeizi@126.com.
