摘要
研究包膜磷酸二铵及其配施黄腐酸对小麦产量和土壤养分供应强度的影响,可为其科学施用提供依据。以磷酸二铵(P,150 kg·hm^(-2)(以P_2O_5计,下同))、磷酸二铵减磷20%(P80%,120 kg·hm^(-2))处理为对照,通过小麦(Triticum aestivum L)盆栽试验,研究了包膜磷酸二铵(CP)及其减磷20%(CP80%)、磷酸二铵配施黄腐酸(P+FA)及其减磷20%配施黄腐酸(P80%+FA)、包膜磷酸二铵配施黄腐酸(CP+FA)及其减磷20%配施黄腐酸(CP80%+FA)处理对小麦产量及其构成、各生育期株高、叶绿素相对含量、土壤pH及速效养分的影响。结果表明,CP、P+FA、CP+FA较等磷量P处理分别提高小麦产量7.7%、5.1%、24.0%(P<0.05),肥料磷素当季利用率分别提高9.14个百分点、9.74个百分点、17.00个百分点,净收益增加6.3%、1.1%、22.5%;减磷20%时,CP80%、P80%+FA、CP80%+FA处理较P处理分别提高小麦产量10.6%、7.2%和4.8%(P<0.05),肥料利用率分别提高19.88%、18.53%和11.54%,CP80%、P80%+FA处理经济效益显著提高8.54%和10.42%,CP80%+FA处理收益持平。磷酸二铵包膜及配施黄腐酸均可提高小麦各生育期土壤有效磷含量,不同施磷处理对土壤中无机氮和速效钾的含量无显著影响,可满足小麦整个生育期对氮素和钾素的需求。本研究条件下,包膜磷酸二铵配施黄腐酸有效增加了小麦产量和经济效益、提高了磷肥利用率和土壤养分供应强度,减磷20%依然增产或稳产。
【Objective】 Phosphorus is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth, and increasing application of P fertilizer has been an effective way to improve crop yield. However, plant available phosphorus is always relatively low in soil, because more often than not a large portion of phosphorus is bound to or reacted with iron and aluminum oxides/hydroxides. To solve the problem, one option is to insulate phosphate from soil by coating phosphorus fertilizer with polymer material. Fulvic acid (FA) is considered to be an effective conditioner for better phosphorus use efficiency, because owing to its specific physicochemical properties, it is ready to get complexed with metal ion, which in turn releases desorbed phosphorus in soil. However, so far little has been reported on coating diammonium phosphate and applying FA as its amendment. This paper addresses effects of coated diammonium phosphate (CP) in combination with lignin-based FA on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and soil nutrient supply intensity, in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for proper usage of P fertilizer. 【Method】 A pot experiment was carried out to explore effects of combined application of CP and FA on wheat yield, yield composition, chlorophyll content, plant height, SPAD, soil pH, and phosphorus use efficiency. The experiment was designed to have eight treatments, i.e. Treatment P (application of diammonium phosphate (DP) at 150 kg·hm^-2 P2O5), Treatment P80% (application of DP at 120 kg·hm^-2 P2O5, 80% of the rate of Treatment P), Treatment CP (application of coated DP at 150 kg·hm^-2 P2O5), Treatment CP80% (application of coated DP at 120 kg·hm^-2 P2O5, 80% of the rate of Treatment CP), Treatment P+FA (application of DP at 150 kg·hm^-2 P2O5 plus FA) , Treatment P80%+FA (application of DP at 120 kg·hm^-2 P2O5 plus FA), Treatment CP+FA (application of coated DP at 150 kg·hm^-2 P2O5 plus FA), and Treatment CP80%+FA (application of coated DP at 120 kg·hm^-2 P2O5 plus FA), of which the first two were set as control. 【Result】 Results show that wheat yields in treatments P+FA, CP and CP+FA increased significantly by 7.7%, 5.1% and 24.0%, phosphorus use efficiency by 9.14%, 9.74% and 17.00%, respectively, and economic benefit by 6.3%,1.1% and 22.5%, respectively, as compared Treatment P, whereas wheat yield in P80%+FA, CP80% and CP80%+FA increased by 10.6%, 7.2% and 4.8%, and phosphorus use efficiency by 19.88%, 18.53% and 11.54% as compared with Treatment P80%. However, economic benefit increased by 8.9% and 10.5% in Treatment P80%+ FA and Treatment CP, but decreased by 1.10% in Treatment CP+FA. Both of CP and FA improved soil available phosphorus during the whole wheat growth period. At the seedling stage when phosphorus was critical to wheat, soil available phosphorus increased by 16.9%~24.0% and 21.6%~40.1% in Treatments of P+FA and CP+FA and by 15.0% in Treatment CP as compared with Treatment P, whereas it increased by 8.7%, 26.1% and 23.7%, respectively, in Treatments P80%+FA. CP80% and CP80%+FA as compared with Treatment P80%. 【Conclusion】All the findings in this experiment demonstrate that application of CP in combination with FA as basal could significantly raise soil available phosphorus supply intensity at the critical period of wheat, and consequently improve wheat yield, phosphorus use efficiency and economic benefit as a result of their synergistic interaction. This practice has a great potential for large-scale extension to satisfy the increasing demand for controlled-release fertilizers because it is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. However, due to certain limitation of the pot experiment, a long-term field experiment and further studies should be done to explore synergistic interaction and mechanism of the application of CP and FA increasing yield and phosphorus use efficiency.
作者
陈琪
刘之广
张民
李泽丽
曲兆鸣
杨茂峰
孙玲丽
CHEN Qi;LIU Zhiguang;ZHANG Min;LI Zeli;QU Zhaoming;YANG Maofeng;SUN Lingli(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Recourses and Environment,Engineering Laboratory for Tranlin Fulvic Acid Based Fertilizer,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization,Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co.,Linshu, Shandong 276700,China;Shandong Quanlin Jiayou Fertilizer Limited Liability Company,Liaocheng,Shandong 252800,China;Zhongde Fertilizer (Pingyuan)Co.Ltd,De'zhou,Shandong 253100,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第6期1472-1484,共13页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41571236)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200706)
山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室开放研发基金(380285)共同资助.
关键词
包膜磷酸二铵
黄腐酸
产量
经济效益
肥料利用率
Coated diammonium phosphate
Fulvic acid
Yield
Economic benefit
Fertilizer use efficiency
作者简介
陈琪(1993~),女,山东东营人,硕士研究生,主要从事植物营养研究。E-mail:15588531978@163.com;通讯作者Corresponding author:刘之广,E-mail:liuzhiguang8235126@126.com
