摘要
水稻-油菜轮作集约化耕作导致土壤肥力下降,而秸秆还田是培肥土壤肥力的主要途径之一。通过水稻-油菜轮作田间长期定位试验,设置了秸秆不还田的不施氮肥(CK)和农民习惯处理(FPP),3个秸秆还田配施化肥处理(SF1、SF2、SF3),每年水稻秸秆以3000kg·hm^(-2)的量还田,SF1、SF2、SF3配施氮、磷、钾肥量依次增加,分析了水稻和油菜产量、养分积累利用及平衡状况。结果表明:不同施肥处理,水稻和油菜籽粒产量表现出相似的格局,即SF3>SF2>SF1>FPP,但SF2与SF3产量差异不显著;与FPP比较,秸秆还田配施化肥处理周年平均产量增加了17.5%～28.6%,水稻和油菜氮、磷、钾积累量随施肥量的增加而增加,水稻氮、磷、钾积累量平均增加了21.7%、17.7%、14.0%,油菜则分别增加了22.4%、19.6%、51.8%,秸秆还田与增施钾肥使油菜钾积累量增幅最高;同样,秸秆还田配施化肥处理提高了水稻和油菜的氮肥偏生产力和农学利用率,其中氮肥偏生产力分别增加了8.1%～31.1%和4.2%～29.3%,以SF2增幅最高,但降低了磷肥和钾肥偏生产力;养分平衡计算显示,秸秆还田配施化肥处理水稻磷、钾亏缺,油菜氮、磷、钾盈余超出可接受范围。在水稻-油菜轮作体系中,秸秆还田配施化肥可以提高作物产量和养分积累量,增加氮肥利用率,大量磷、钾肥的投入及秸秆还田提供的养分造成了油菜养分盈余和肥料利用率下降,需进一步调整优化秸秆还田下化学肥料的投入量,使生产系统中养分循环利用更加合理和持续。
Rice-rapeseed rotation is one of the most important agricultural cultivation systems in China.Intensive farming in such systems would reduce soil fertility.Straw returning is one of the main ways to use straw in returning plus fertilization nutrient balance in rice-ra China.A field experiment was conducted to examine effects of straw on crop yield,nutrient accumulation,fertilizer use efficiency and peseed rotation.There were five treatments,including no nitrogen fer- tilizer and straw returning (CK),chemical fertilizer application without straw returning as farm- er's practice pattern (FPP)and three practices of fertilizer application mixed with rice straw returning of 3000kg·hm-2(FS1,FS2and FS3),in which nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilization levels were gradually increased from treatment FS1to FS3.The results showed that yields of rice and rapeseed had similar patterns under different treatments of straw incorporation and fertilizer application,being SF3>SF2>SFI>FPP.However,there were no significant differ-enees in rice and rapeseed yield between treatments SF2and SF3.(~ompared with FPP,annual yield increased on average by 17.5%-:28.6%under treatments of straw returning with increased fertilization levels,and:the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulated in rice increased by 22.4%,19.6%and 51.8%,respectively.The enhancement of potassium accumula- tion in rapeseed was the highest due to returning straw and applying more potassium fertilizer. Under treatments of straw returning plus fertilization,nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN) increased by 8.1%to 31.1%for rice and 4.2%to 29.3%for rapeseed respectively,compared with the treatment of FPP,similar to the results of nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE).SF2 had higher PFPN and NAE,but lower phosphorus and potassium partial factor productivity. Results of nutrient balance calculation showed that phosphorus and potassium was deficient in rice,and was surplus and beyond the acceptable range in rapeseed under treatments of straw returning with fertilizer applications.In the rice-rapeseed rotation system,straw returning plus fertilizer application could improve crop yield,nutrient accumulation,and fertilizer use efficien- cy.However,the large amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer input and the nutrients from straw returning caused surplus of nutrients and decrease of fertilizer use efficiency.Therefore,it is necessary to further adjust the input amount of chemical fertilizer under straw returning to make more reasonable and sustainable nutrient recycle and use in crop production system.
作者
袁嫚嫚
邬刚
胡润
耿维
王家宝
曹哲伟
孙义祥
YUAN Man-man;WU Gang;HU Run;GENG Wei;WANG Jia-biao;CAO Zhe-wei;SUN Yi-xiang(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling,Resources and Environment of Anhui,Hefei 230031,China;institute of Agrieulture Science Research of Chizhou,Chizhou 247100,Anhui,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第12期3597-3604,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200806)
安徽省农业科学院创新团队项目(18C1021)资助
关键词
水稻-油菜轮作
秸秆还田
产量
肥料利用率
养分平衡
rice-rapeseed rotation
straw returning
yield
fertilizer use efficiency
nutrient balance
作者简介
袁嫚嫚,女,1983年生,博士研究生,从事农业生态与养分管理研究。E-mail:mmyuan@issas.ac.cn;通讯作者:孙义祥,E—mail:sunyixiang@126.com.
