摘要
洞庭湖区湿地是我国长江中下游地区三大湿地资源集中地之一 ,在其特殊的地理环境、自然条件和人类活动的长期共同作用下 ,形成了独特的湿地生态旅游资源景观、明显的碟形盆地带状地貌、典型的亚热带季风湿润气候、极为丰富的动植物资源、构成该区生态旅游资源的主要因素 ,又呈东、南、西三大片分布 ,且各具特色 ;洞庭湖湿地生态旅游资源的特殊性。几乎涵盖亚热带内陆所有湿地类型造就了该区湿地生态旅游资源的多样性。围湖造田人工围垦、工业废水农药污染、乱捕乱猎人类干扰导致了该湿地生态旅游资源系统的脆弱性。治理对策为 :退田还湖 ,确保自然湿地生态系统面积 ,科学解决“田湖之争” ,复还湿地生态系统。标本兼治 ,力争入湖泥沙量控制到最小程度 ,稳定湖泊、沼泽等自然景观面积。恢复重建 ,规范与扩大湿地自然保护区 ,并进行有效的长期监测。总之 ,洞庭湖区湿地旅游的开发 ,必须定位为生态旅游资源的保护性开发 ,改变只重视湿地生产功能而忽视其生态功能的倾向 ,全面开发湿地的社会、经济和生态综合效应 。
Dongting lake wetland constitutes one of the three major wetland resources concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A special eco tourism landscape was formed under long term common interactions of special geographic environment, natural conditions and human activities. There are obvious circular landforms like dish shaped basin belt landforms, typical subtropical monsoon humid climate and extremely rich plant and animal resources that consist of principal factors of the region's eco tourism resources which are distributed in eastern, southern and western parts. The superior geographical location and typical seasonal eco landscape, uniqueness to the Dongting lake wetland eco tourism resources, make it a diversified eco tourism resources covering almost all subtropical interior wetland types. However, man's disturbances such as land reclamation, industrial waste and pesticide pollution, blindness hunting and fishing have resulted in fragility to the wetland ecosystems. Hence countermeasures should be taken to maintain natural ecosystem of the wetlands to a certain spatial extent, to provide solutions to conflicts between farmland and lake area, to minimize lake sedimentation, and to stabilize area of natural landscape of the lake and marshes, to enlarge natural protedted area and to rehabilitate wetland ecosystem. Long term ecological monitoring should be practiced. In a word, the exploitation of wetland eco tourism resources should be protective exploitation, and the tendency of only laying stress on production function and neglecting ecological function must be altered. The comprehensive exploitation of social, economic and ecological effects should be followed to realize sustainable utilization of wetland eco tourism resources.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第5期82-86,共5页
Resources Science
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"洞庭湖区湿地资源可持续开发研究"(0 0BJY0 34)的部分研究成果
关键词
洞庭湖
湿地
生态旅游资源
资源保护性开发
Dongting lake
Wetlands
Eco-tourism resources
Protective exploitation
