摘要
天然气水合物(NGH)是由天然气与水接触形成的一种类冰结晶化合物,常常在天然气、凝析油管道中形成,造成管道、阀门和一些处理设备的堵塞,因而其防治对石油天然气工业具有重要意义。概述了管道NGH形成和分解的热力学条件和动力学机制,指出对NGH的防治应采用化学或物理化学相结合的方法。动力学抑制剂是目前BGH防治技术研究和发展的重点,特别介绍了有关文献中动力学抑制剂的种类和分子结构特征,给出了动力学抑制剂在北海南部和美国EastTexas等地进行现场试验的实例。现场实验显示,动力学抑制剂具有用量少、效果好等优点。认为应用动力学抑制剂是水合物防治技术的发展方向。
Natural gas hydrates (NGH) are ice-like crystalline compounds that form when natural gas molecules contact water molecules at appropriate conditions. They can be formed in pipelines transporting wet gases, condensates or crude oils,which are considered to be nuisances because they usually result to the blockage in pipes, valves and treatment facilities. To prevent and eliminate the threat of NGH becomes more and more important to the petroleum and natural gas industry. This paper summarily discusses the thermody-namic terms and kinetic mechanisms of NGH's formation and decompostition,and comprehensively introduces the physical and chemical methods of NGH's prevention and cure technology. It is pointed out that these two methods should be used in combination way in practice. Furthermore,this paper particularly discusses the kinetic inhibitors,which are regarded as the emphasis of future development. Besides,this paper gives out three application examples in southern North Sea,East Texas and West Swan Area where kinetic inhibitors are successfully utilized.
出处
《油气储运》
CAS
北大核心
2001年第5期9-14,共6页
Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation
