摘要
黄花蒿是提取青蒿素的唯一原料植物,广泛分布于我国西南地区。为探索野生黄花蒿的耐瘠机理,提高人工种植黄花蒿的产量品质,研究了野生黄花蒿土壤的养分状况与微生物特性,以及它们与黄花蒿产量品质的关系。结果表明,在野生黄花蒿生长的不同样地中,土壤养分、pH、酶活性和微生物量差异显著,说明黄花蒿耐瘠耐肥,具有广泛的生态适应性。利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪共检测出24种土壤微生物标记性磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs),包括代表细菌的19种11～19碳PLFAs,代表放线菌的10Me18∶0,代表真菌的18∶2ω6,9、18∶1ω9c和18∶1ω9t,以及代表线虫的20∶0,PLFAs总含量均表现出细菌>放线菌>真菌的现象。在黄花蒿根际土壤中,pH显著低于非根际土壤,但有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾,蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性,微生物碳氮量,PLFAs总含量,微生物群落的多样性和均匀度指数等显著高于非根际土壤。此外,在野生黄花蒿根际土壤中,微生物PLFAs总含量与黄花蒿植株生物量、青蒿酸和青蒿素产量呈极显著正相关,微生物生物量碳氮与青蒿酸和青蒿素产量呈显著或极显著正相关。说明黄花蒿根际土壤适合多种微生物生长繁殖,种群丰富,密度高,酶活性强,提高了土壤养分的有效性,有益于野生黄花蒿适应不同的土壤条件,根际土壤微生物显著影响野生黄花蒿生长及其有效成分的含量。
Artemisia annua L. , widely distributed in Southwest China, is the sole plant source of artemisinin. To understand the mechanism of resistance to desert about this medicinal plants for higher yield and quality of artemisinin, researches were done to study nutrients and microorganisms in soils where wild A. annua grew. Results show that the soils at different sample sites varied greatly in organic matter, nutrients, pH, enzyme activity and population of microbes, suggesting that A. annua is tolerable to either high or low soil fertility and hence highly adaptable to a variety of habitats. In soil analysis, 24 kinds of phospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） , biomarkers of soil microbes, were detected with a gas chromato- graph-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） , including 19 kinds of PLFAs with 11 - 19 carbons （C）, biomarkers of bacteria, 10Mel8：0, biomarker of actinomyces, 18：2ω6,9, 18 ： 1ω9c and 18 ： 1ω9t, biomarkers of fungi, and 20：0, biomarker of nematode. And in terms of total amount of FLFAs, the sequence of bacteria 〉 actinomyces 〉 fungi was found. In the rhizosphere of A. annua, pH was obviously lower than in the bulk soil, but contents of organic matter, alkalystic N, available P, readily available K, microbial C and N, and FLFAs, activities of sucrase, urease and phosphatase, and indexes of di- versity and homogeneity of microbial colonies were just the otherwise. Rhizosphere microorganisms were closly involved in transformation of N and P in the soils. In addition, total PLFAs in soil microbes were significantly and positively related to plant biomass and yields of artemisic acid and artemisinin, and so were soil microbial biomass C and N to yield of artemisi- nin, The study provides evidence that it was suitable for growth of various species of microorganisms, high density and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of wild A. annua, so effectiveness of the soil nutrient improved was beneficial to the wild A. annua adapted to different soil conditions and that the existence of soil microorganisms significantly affects growth and contents of effective component of wild A. annua.
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第4期868-879,共12页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(XDJK2010D002)
重庆市科委自然科学基金项目(CSTC2011JJA0861)
云南省烟草公司科技项目(2013YN1109YN00307A05)资助
关键词
野生黄花蒿
青蒿素
土壤
养分
微生物
Wild Artemisia annua L.
Artemisnin
Soil
Nutrient
Microorganism
作者简介
罗世琼（1974-），女，贵州人，侗族，博士，教授，主要从事土壤生态学研究。E—mail：lingyuanh@aliyun．com
通讯作者，袁玲（1962-），女，四川人，教授，主要从事植物营养研究。E—mail：lingyuanh@aliyun．com
