摘要
内蒙古伊克昭盟境内自南向北汇入黄河干流的 10条山洪沟 (蒙语称孔兑 ) ,流域形态相似 ,沟道比降大 ,上游有大面积砒砂岩出露 ,中游是库布齐沙漠 ,水土流失严重 ,泥沙颗粒粗 ,流量大于 15 0m3 /s时含沙量均在 10 0 0kg/m3 以上 ,暴雨洪水常造成泥流淤堵黄河 ,曾使黄河干流断流 ,危害严重。主要治理对策是 :上游丘陵沟壑区 ,开展以小流域为单元的综合治理 ,加强沟道坝系建设 ,拦蓄洪水泥沙 ;中游沙漠区 ,引洪入沙 ,既治沙又减少泥沙下泄 ;滩山结合区 ,大力开展引洪漫地 ,减少入黄泥沙。
Located in Yikezhao profecture of Inner Mongolia and flow into the Yellow River from south to north, the ten mountain flood formed gullies are of similar watershed shapes and high gully gradient ratio with large areas of Pisha rock appearance in upper reaches, Kubuqi desert in middle reaches, and severe soil and water loss, coarse sediment grain. The sediment concentration is always larger than 1 000 kg/m 3 for flood with discharge of more than 150 m 3/s, and floods caused by storms result into muddy flows and block the Yellow River frequently, and ever cut the river flow and lead to serious harmfulness. The main treatments include to enhance dam system construction in gullies in the upper regions where is specialized with hilly and gully and implement comprehensive harness on the basis of small watershed unit; to take diversion of flood into desert in the middle reaches to control desertification and reduce sediment transport into lower reaches at the same time; and to energetically develop land creation through drawing flood from the gullies to deduct the sediment into the Yellow River.
出处
《中国水土保持》
北大核心
2001年第3期4-6,共3页
Soil and Water Conservation in China
关键词
内蒙古
山洪沟
河道淤积
综合治理
水土流失
危害
洪灾
凌灾
sediment and flood
sedimentation in river channel
utilization of flood and sediment
comprehensive harness
