摘要
通过人工授精获得鲇(Silurus asotus)♀×南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)♂杂交受精卵,对杂交F1胚胎发育进行了观察和记录,以期了解杂交鲇早期发育特征并进一步验证鲇与南方鲇杂交的可行性。用0.3%胰蛋白酶液对受精卵进行脱黏处理,在Leica MZ16 A体式显微镜下进行观察和拍照。早期每隔15 min观察一次,发育至原肠胚阶段后每隔30 min观察一次。受精卵及胚体大小长度等用Leica DC500照相系统自带软件进行测量。结果表明,鲇(♀)×南方鲇(♂)杂交受精卵呈圆球形,草绿色,吸水后膨胀,卵径(2.50±0.14)mm,卵膜外形成一层较厚胶膜且黏性较强。在水温(24.5±0.6)℃的情况下,受精卵在受精后48 min形成胚盘,1 h 35 min开始卵裂,4 h 23 min进入囊胚期,7 h 22 min时达到原肠胚期,11 h 23 min发育至神经胚期,随后进入器官分化和逐渐完善的阶段,28 h 49 min开始出膜,40 h 33 min全部出膜。杂交胚胎的平均受精率为89.7%,孵化率为55.3%,初孵仔鱼畸形率为5.9%,表明南方鲇与鲇的精卵不亲和性程度较小,二者杂交可行。总体上看,鲇(♀)×南方鲇(♂)杂交F1胚胎发育时序、器官分化进程与其母本鲇基本相同,呈现"偏母遗传"特征。
Hybridization was carried out between Silurus asotus （ ♀ ） and S. meridionalis （♂ ） by means of artificial insemination. The embryonic development of hybrid F1 was investigated and the morphological characteristics of each period were described for the clarification of early ontogeny of the hybrids and further verification of the feasibility of hybridization between the S. asotus and S. meridionalis. The fertilized eggs weretreated with 0. 3% trypsin to remove the stickiness. Observation and photographing were performed by using stereo microscope Leica MZ16 A. Sampling and observation were taken at intervals of 15 rain at early stage while this was conducted every 30 min after gastrula. The size of fertilized eggs and the length of embryos were measured by means of appendix software of Leica DC500 photography system. The fertilized eggs were greenish, spherical in shape. The swollen zygotes were 2.50 ± 0. 14 mm in diameter and became heavily adhesive with a jelly coat. Under water temperature 24. 5 ±0. 6℃ , it took 48 min after fertilization to form blastoderm, about 1 h 35 min to undergo cleavage, 4 h 23 rain to develop to early blastula stage, 7 h 22 min to early gastrula stage, 11 h 23 min to neurula stage, then to organ differentiation and gradual perfection stage. Larval hatching took place at 28 h 49 rain after fertilization and all larvae hatched at 40 h 33 rain. The fertilization rate, hatching rate and malformation rate were 89.7% , 55.3% and 5.9% , respectively, which indicated that there was a low cross-incompatibility between female S. asotus and male S. meridionalis. The overall embryonic development process and the morphological characters were much closer to those of its maternal fish, S. asotus, featuring significant characteristics of maternal inheritance.
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第2期215-222,共8页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(No.NCET-11-0347)
通威股份有限公司科研项目(No.10H0370)
生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室开放课题
关键词
胚胎发育
偏母遗传
杂交
鲇
南方鲇
Embryonic development
Maternal inheritance
Hybridization
Silurus asotus
S. meridionalis
作者简介
杨世勇，男，博士研究生；研究方向：鱼类种质资源；E-mail：yangshiyong@sicau．edu．cn通讯作者，E—mail：zbsong@scu．edu．cn
