摘要
为了实现利用高温高压饱和蒸汽干燥水稻植质钵育秧盘,以保证秧盘的成盘率、秧盘的湿强度和秧盘的储存期,同时增加水稻秸秆的利用率,设计了以水稻秸秆制成的燃料棒为燃料的水稻植质钵育秧盘蒸汽干燥装置。该装置主要由干燥介质供给系统、蒸汽干燥器和控制系统组成。根据蒸汽干燥理论、干燥装置设计的技术要求、每次干燥秧盘的最大数量、秧盘在干燥车上的布置形式和秧盘在干燥器内的布置形式,确定干燥介质供给系统中的蒸汽锅炉额定蒸发量为0.5 t/h,额定工作温度为144℃;干燥器的尺寸为Φ2 400 mm×5 500 mm,壁厚10 mm,保温层的厚度为170 mm,最高承受压力为0.7 MPa。干燥装置性能试验结果表明:干燥器的密封性、保温性良好,秧盘的成盘率达到97%,秧盘干燥均匀,秧盘的含水率、干燥湿强度满足秧盘的储存及生产要求。该研究结果为后续生产应用提供参考。
China is a large agricultural country with rich crop straw resources. The annual production of crop straw reached 840 million tons, of which rice straw production was over 211 million tons. A lot of rice straw is thrown away and burned, which not only causes great environmental pollution and affects farmers’ life quality, but also causes a great waste of resources. Therefore, it has a positive meaning for agricultural efficiency and rural incomes, ecological agriculture promotion and sustainable agricultural development to develop a reasonably efficient and clean use of crop straw, and turn waste into treasure. A seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw is a new type of rice seedling tray carrier, which is made of straw powder, water-soluble biological glue, fertilizer, and other soil nutrient medium. It is produced by mixing, pressing, and drying stereotypes. The drying stereotypes process is the key production. Its purpose is to mix well bonded straw powder, water-soluble biological glue, fertilizer, and other soil nutrient medium together to ensure the shaping rate wet strength and storage period of seedlings. The drying method and apparatus is a key factor for keeping these characteristics. The seedling tray drying method includes natural environmental ventilation drying, hot air drying, and steam drying. On an experimental basis, the three kinds of drying methods effects on the quality of seedling tray drying and the advantages of steam drying were considered in this paper. Then, the steam drying method was determined to be the major way of drying a seedling tray. To achieve the steam drying technology, the suitable drying apparatus is crucial. Therefore, the steam drying devices of a seedling tray fueled with rice straw rods was designed in this paper. The device consisted of a drying medium supply system, the steam dryer, and a control system. According to the steam drying theory, design requirements of drying apparatus, the maximum drying number of a seedling tray, the arrangement of a seedling tray in a drying vehicle and in the dryer, the steam boiler rated evaporation is of 0.5t/h, the rated operating temperature is of 144℃ in the drying medium supply system; the dryer size isΦ2400mm×5500mm, thickness 10mm, the thickness of insulation is 170 mm, and the maximum withstood pressure is 0.7MPa. The test results of the drying device performance showed that the dryer tightness and insulation is fine, the shaping rate of the seedling tray reaches 97%, the seedling tray drying is uniform, and the moisture content and drying wet strength of seedling tray meet the storage and production requirements well.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第1期25-33,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家农业科技成果转化(2009GB2B200101)
黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GZ11B503)
黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK10A-09-05)
黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12531459)
黑龙江省青年科学基金项目(QC2013C065)
黑龙江省普通高等学校新世纪优秀人才培养计划项目(1155-NCET-012)
关键词
干燥
蒸汽
装置
设计
试验
水稻植质钵育秧盘
drying
vapors
equipment
design
experiments
seedling-growing tray made of paddy-straw
作者简介
于海明（1973-），男，黑龙江绥棱人，副教授，博士，主要从事现代设计理论及方法和新能源研究。大庆黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院，163319。Email：yhm1973@163．com
通信作者：汪春（1963-），男，黑龙江省延寿县人，教授，博士生导师，博士，主要从事寒地水稻全程机械化栽培技术研究。大庆黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院，163319。Email：wangchun1963@126.com
