摘要
随着我国城市的刑事犯罪案件不断上升,住区安全问题日趋突显。研究主要以杭州等城镇为例,运用景观生态学、环境心理学等相关理论,采用形状指数、熵值密度等景观特征量化指标,通过对若干现代社区与典型传统住区的景观指标进行量化比较与综合分析发现:城市犯罪案件的发生率与空间格局、景观多样性等有着紧密的关联。城市化极大地改变了原有的生态网络结构,使现代社区景观的形状指数与熵值密度大大小于传统住区,邻里联系减少、人际关系冷漠、场所吸引力与安全感降低、户外滞留人数减少、邻里监护功能减退等导致犯罪案件多发。所以,有必要发掘我国传统的居住文化。通过合理的景观规划设计,提高社区"可防卫空间"的文化生态效应,预防与遏制犯罪。
Continuously increasing criminal cases and deteriorating neighborhood safety have become significant issues in Chinese urban areas in recent years. This article, applying theories of landscape ecology and environmental psychology, as well as landscape characteristic indexes such as shape index and entropy density, carries out quantitative analysis and comparison of the landscape indexes of a number of modern communities against traditional neighborhood and identifies a high correlation between crime rates and spatial configuration, variety of landscape etc. Urbanization has largely altered ecological network configurations resulting in much reduced shape index and entropy density within residential environment. This consequently brings forth a more detached neighborhood, lower inhabitation attraction and sense of safety, smaller social activities in outdoor open spaces, declined guardianship within neighbors and finally higher crime rates, As such, there is an immediate need to revisit traditional Chinese inhabitation culture, through more reasonable landscape planning, promote the cultural and ecological effect of ＂vitality conservation space＂ within communities so as to prevent and withhold crimes.
出处
《新建筑》
2013年第5期139-143,共5页
New Architecture
基金
教育部人文社科基金资助项目(09YJAZH090)
关键词
城市犯罪率
可防卫空间
城市生态网络
景观生态学
景观特征量化指标
邻里守护
urban crime rates, defensible space, urban ecological networks, landscape ecology,quantitative index of landscape characteristics, guardianship within neighborhoods
