摘要
[目的]了解玛纳斯河流域土壤的植被类型及水分特征,为该地区作物种植及土壤盐渍化治理提供科学依据.[方法]以玛纳斯河流域内玛纳斯灌区和莫索湾灌区的农田为研究对象,利用遥感技术布设采样点和室内分析技术测定土壤水分含量;分析土壤质地、种植作物、地形等不同因子对农田土壤水分的影响.[结果]沙壤土、粉壤土、粘壤土农田0～20 cm层土壤水分含量分别为12.05％、14.19％和16.09％;20～40cm层分别为13.13％、15.51％和17.41％.棉花地、酿酒葡萄地、玉米地0～20 cm层土壤水分含量分别为14.32％、11.09％和18.35％;20 ～40 cm层分别为15.22％、12.87％和20.01％.沙漠边缘、冲积洪积扇上、中、下部农田0～20 cm层土壤水分含量分别为11.73％、13.93％、14.29％和17.08％;20 ～40 cm层分别为12.92％、15.95％、16.31％和18.56％.海拔400m以下、400 ～500 m和500～700 m农田0～20 cm层土壤水分含量分别为10.63％、14.45％和15.85％;20 ～40cm层分别为11.20％、15.74％和17.48％.[结论]不同质地农田土壤水分含量大小顺序为：粘壤土＞粉壤土＞沙壤土;不同作物种植条件下农田土壤水分状况表现为：玉米地＞棉花地＞酒葡萄地;不同地形部位农田土壤水分含量状况表现为：冲积洪积扇下部＞冲积洪积扇中部＞冲积洪积扇上部＞沙漠边缘,且土壤含水量随海拔升高而递增,差异均达显著水平.不同因子条件下的农田0～20 cm层土壤水分含量均小于20～40 cm层.
[ Objective ] To get a better understanding of soil salinization types and characteristics in lower reaches of Manas River, and provide a scientific basis for soil salinization control and the development of the area. [ Method ] The Manas and Mosuo Bay irrigation areas in Manas River Basin were used as study objects. Remote sensing was used to lay the sampling points and indoor analysis techniques to measure the soil moisture content of the farmland. And what was more, influences of soil texture, planting crops and terrain on soil moisture content of farmland were studied, too. [ Result] Results showed that soil moisture contents at 0 -20 cm for silty loam, loam, clay loam farmland were 12. 05% , 14. 19% and 16.09% , respectively, while those at 20 -40 cm layer were 13.13%, 15.51% and 17.41%, respectively. Soil moisture contents at 0 -20 cm for cotton, grape wine, and corn were 14.32%, 11.09% and 18.35%, respectively, while those at 20 -40 cm layer were 15.22% , 12. 87% and 20.01%, respectively. Moreover, soil moisture contents at 0 -20 cm for desert edge, alluvial, pluvial fan, and a lower farmland were 11.73%, 13.93% , 14.29% and 11.73% respectively, while at 20 -40 cm layer were 12. 92%, 15.95%, 16.31% and 12.92% respectively. For al- titude, soil moisture contents at 0 - 20 cm layer when the below altitude 400 m, at 400 - 500 m and at 500 - 700 m were 10. 63% , 14.45% and 15.85% , respectively; while at 20 -40 cm layer those were 11.20% , 15.74% and 17.48%, respectively. [ Conclusion] Soil moisture content became lower when soil texture changed from clay loam, to powder loam, and sandy soils in Manas River Basin. For different crop planting systems, the order of soil moisture content was, corn field 〉 cotton field 〉 wine grapes field. Moreover, soil moisture content changed at different parts of terrain of farmland, and the order was, bottom of alluvial diluvial fan 〉 middle of alluvial diluvial fan 〉 upper of alluvial diluvial fan 〉 desert edge. Soil moisture content in- creased with the increasing of altitude, and the differences were significant. Under the condition of different factors of farmland in Manas River Basin, soil moisture content at 20 - 40 cm was higher than that at 0 - 20 em layer.
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期1879-1886,共8页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2012211B26)
关键词
土壤水分
农田
因子
玛纳斯河流域
soil moisture content
farmland
factors
Manas River Basin
作者简介
王泽（1984-）,男,新疆奇台人,助理研究员,研究方向为植物与土壤的相互作用,（E-mail）wffengzhizi@sina.com｜
蒋平安（1965-）,男,四川乐至人,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为土壤学,（E-mail）jiang863863@sina.com
