摘要
西部地区是我国贫困面最大、贫困程度最深的地区,同时也是生态环境最脆弱的地区。改革开放以来,虽然西部地区社会经济发展水平得到了一定的提高,但与东中部地区的收入差距却在不断的扩大。同时,随着全国贫困人口绝对规模的减少,贫困人口的分布进一步向西部地区集中,生态环境在诸多致贫因素中越来越突出。文章从西部贫困地区与生态脆弱区和重要生态功能区空间分布的关联性以及地区贫困对生态环境的影响等方面深入解析了西部地区贫困和生态环境互为因果的耦合机理;分析了当前西部地区扶贫开发面临的生态环境、资金、人力资本、管理体制等方面的严峻挑战;提出了生态扶贫的概念和基本内涵,即:生态建设与扶贫开发同步进行,生态恢复与脱贫致富相互协调;设计了原地扶贫和离地扶贫两大生态扶贫模式,并提出了不同生态扶贫模式的特点、实施范围和基本内容。原地扶贫通过创造生态管护就业岗位,发展当地特色生态绿色产业体系,实现贫困人口在当地就业,增加贫困人口的收入。同时,通过拓展整村推进和本地教育工程,改善贫困地区生产、生活条件,提高贫困人口稳定脱贫能力。离地扶贫则以生态移民为主,并结合城镇化战略,引导贫困地区劳动力向城镇和东部沿海地区转移,通过异地就业、生活实现脱贫。最后,提出了实施生态扶贫战略的相关政策建议,包括以教育为核心的人力资本开发,以特色农副产品开发、特色生态旅游和绿色品牌建设为核心的特色优势产业发展,以及以生态移民制度和政府管理体制为核心的制度建设创新等。
Poverty problem is very common and serious in the west of China where the ecological environment is also very vulnerable.Although the poor region of western China has developed since the reforn and opening up,the income gap between the west and the east continues to expand.At the same time,as the scale of poverty-stricken population decreased greatly in the past 30 years,the distribution of poverty stricken population is more and more concentrated to the west at present compared with the wide rural poverty distribution at the beginning of the reform and opening up,and ecological environmental conditions are becoming more and more important factors to induce poverty.Through analyzing the spatial overlap between fragile ecological environment areas,important ecofunction areas and poverty regions in western China,and the impacts of economic poverty on ecological environmen,this paper studies the coupling mechanism between poverty and ecological environment.On the basis of that,it analyzes some challenges in face of poverty alleviation in Western China at present,such as the contradiction between ecological protection and poverty reduction,low quality of labor forces,and very low of economic development level.The conception and the meaning of eco-poverty alleviation are proposed in this paper,i.e.to combine eco-construction and eco-protection with poverty alleviation.Two different eco-poverty alleviation models are designed according to local ecological and environmental conditions,which are local poverty alleviation model and afield poverty alleviation model.The contents and some successful examples of these two poverty alleviation models are analyzed in the paper.Local poverty alleviation model tries to increase poor people＇ s income through local employment by creating eco-protection employment posts,developing local characteristic green industrial system,and to improve poverty stricken areas＇ production and living conditions by advancing whole village poverty reduction project and local education work to enhance the ability of out of poverty stably.Afield poverty alleviation model tries to make people out of poverty through moving people out of their original living places.It not only takes eco-migration as a mojor measure,but also focuses on leading labours in poverty stricken areas move to local cities,towns and east developed regions with urbanization development strategy.In the end,some policies,including improving human capital,developing eco-industries,and reforming institutions are suggested in order to implement eco-poverty alleviation strategy better.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第10期52-58,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会"中国西部环境与发展战略及政策研究"课题
关键词
生态扶贫
西部地区
模式
政策建议
eco-poverty alleviation
Western China
models
policy suggestions
作者简介
刘慧,研究员,主要研究方向为区域发展.
