摘要
沿海岸线分布的潮上带沙滩是受风暴潮影响的独特生境,蕴含着独特的植物群落与植物资源。很多沙滩已受到不同程度的人为干扰。人们尚未了解潮上带沙滩植物群落的构建方式,也忽视了各种人为干扰对它的影响。该文以几何级数模型、分割线段模型、重叠生态位模型和中性理论模型,剖析了山东半岛潮上带3处典型沙草地的物种多度格局,同时研究了滩涂养殖和旅游践踏两种最重要的干扰方式对潮上带沙滩植物群落的影响。对于这3处植被,中性理论模型的拟合效果最好,其次是几何级数模型,而分割线段模型和重叠生态位模型的拟合效果不够理想。旅游践踏和沙滩养殖使潮上带沙草地的植被盖度降低,不利于珍稀特有植物的生存。在潮上带沙滩上很多植物具有不少相似的特征,导致它们在个体水平上的空间替代有强烈的随机性,服从群落中性理论。然而,它们的性状毕竟存在或多或少的差异,这些差异难免对各种植物的资源分配或竞争能力产生微弱的影响,经过很多年的积累,这种影响必然在群落水平上逐渐显现出来,以至于用几何级数模型也可拟合物种的多度格局。作者建议应控制人为干扰对潮上带沙滩珍稀植物的不利影响。
Aims Supratidal zones of sandy coastlines are occasionally influenced by storm surges, and they contain distinc- tive plant communities and some unique species. Our objective was to solve the questions： 1） how sandy coast plants are grouped into plant communities and 2） how such anthropogenic disturbances as tourist trampling and pond fishery affect such communities. Methods Three long sandy coasts were investigated for species composition and abundances, representing three typical states of human disturbances： nearly original state, tourist trampling and pond fishery. Each coast was in- vestigated with 20 sampling lines of 50 m. Their species abundance patterns were compared and analyzed via four classic models of species abundance patterns： the neutral theoretical model, geometric series model, overlapping niche model and broken stick model. Important findings The neutral theoretical and geometric series models fit the species abundance patterns of the coastal plant communities well, and the broken stick and overlapping niche models were not reliable. The distur- bances could decrease vegetation cover and cause local extinction of some rare species. Some evidence suggests that plant species on sandy coasts are variable, thus that stochastic establishment of plant individuals may well play a major role in community assembling, as the neutral theory describes. However, these species have very small differences in their traits and resource capturing, and their integrative effects are supposed to take many years to accumulate for ultimately causing evident differences, which can be fitted via the geometric series model at times. Local governments ought to control anthropogenic disturbances, so as to conserve the rare plants.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期542-550,共9页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006-BAD26B01)
青岛农业大学高层次人才基金
关键词
人为干扰
中性理论
植物多样性
多度格局
风暴潮
潮上带
human disturbance, neutral theory, plant diversity, species abundance pattern, storm surge, supratidalzone
作者简介
通讯作者Authorforcorrespondence（E—mail：hongxiaoyang@126．com）
