摘要
目的研究3～16岁少年儿童屈光特征，斜视弱视及近视的致病因素。方法对2006年1月至2011年8月在庆阳市人民医院眼科门诊就诊的少年儿童（年龄3～16岁），采用屈光检测仪及客观验光检测其屈光度数，同时采用角膜映光法、遮盖去遮盖法、交替遮盖法测定眼位，确定其屈光状态。结果筛查出5174人少年儿童存在不同程度的屈光不正，或伴有斜视弱视。其中单纯近视2396人、远视1360人，复性屈光不正1418人。有134人同时伴有弱视，所占比例为2．6％。其中，屈光不正性弱视55人，屈光参差性弱视46人，斜视性弱视33人。各年龄段弱视屈光状态比较：7～12岁学龄儿童与13～16岁少年弱视的屈光状态之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），3-6岁学龄前儿童与7-12岁学龄儿童及13～16岁少年弱视的屈光状态之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论少年儿童弱视发病人群及屈光特征为：（1）3～6岁儿童弱视主要表现为屈光参差性和斜视性弱视。（2）7-16岁少年儿童弱视主要表现为屈光不正性弱视。（3）3-16岁屈光不正少年儿童中弱视的患病率为2．6％。根据少年儿童的屈光特征及早采取近视预防、矫正、弱视训练等干预措施，降低近视和弱视发病率。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and interventions of refractive error, manifest deviation and amblyopia and its risk factors in children of 3 to 16 years old. Methods Diopter was measured by the phoropter and objective refraction, while refractive status was detected by the hirschberg test, cover-uncover test and alternate cover test for children of 3 to 16 years old from January 2006 to August 2011. Results All 5174 cases of refractive error with amblyopia or mani- fest devitation were found, of which 2396 cases of myopia, 1360 cases of hyperopia and 1418 cases of compound refractive error were found respectively. Out of 134 cases of amblyopia （2.6%）, there were 55 cases of ametropic amblyopia, 46 cases of anisometropic amblyopia and 33 cases of strabis- mic amblyopia respectively. In the 134 cases of amblyopia, the results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between children of 7 to 12 years old and children of 13 to 16 years old （P 〉0.05） on refractive status, there was significant difference between children of 3 to 6 years old and children of 7 to 12 years old as well as children of 13 to 16 years old （P 〈0.05）. Z2 was used. Conclusions The refraction feartures of amblyopia in children and early teenagers： （1） Children of 3 to 6 years old are mainly with anisometropic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia; （2） Children of 7 to 16 years old are mainly with ametropic amblyopia; （3） The prevalence of amblyopia in children of 3 to 16 years old is 2.6%. Some interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of myopia and amblyopia.
出处
《中国实用眼科杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第5期545-547,共3页
Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology
基金
甘肃省科学技术发展计划项目（210G20012）
关键词
屈光不正
斜弱视
调查分析
干预措施
Children and early teenagers
Refractive error
Amblyopia
Intervention
作者简介
通信作者：齐翠萍，Email：gsswlhx@126．com
