摘要
基于3400个种粮户的调查表明,如果不将家庭用工计入成本,种粮的相对效益并不低。问题在于,分散小规模生产使得经营主体绝对效益低下并制约了种粮主体积极性。不同地区、不同品种的种粮效益存在着明显差异。尤其值得注意的是,东部地区和粮食主销区、产销平衡区的种粮效益相对较高,具备较好的粮食生产发展条件。影响粮食生产效益的因素主要包括:成本水平和结构,劳动力的素质、年龄,是否雇工,水利、机械化、金融支持等粮食生产条件,获得社会化服务的便捷性,粮食生产与非粮食生产之间、农业生产与非农经济活动之间的比较效益,农业税改和种粮补贴等。提高种粮效益,应合理扩大经营规模,建立多层次的粮食生产补贴体系,加快培养新型粮食生产主体,改善基本生产条件,加强社会服务体系建设。
Based on 3400 questionnaires, this results shows the relative profit level is not low if family labor is not calculated into cost, but the low total profit restrains the activity of grain producer. The profit is differentiated obviously between different regions and different varieties of grain. Mentioned in particular, the relative profit of grain production is obviously higher in the eastern region, major selling areas and production--selling balanced areas. Investigation shows that, at present, the factors influencing grain production efficiency are reflected in many aspects, including cost level and structure, the labor force quality, age, employing or not, essential productive factors such as water conservancy, mechanization, financial support, convenience of obtaining social services, profit comparison between grain production and non--grain production, agricultural production and non--agricultural economic activities, agricultural tax and subsidies. To improve he relative profit, needs to take the following strategies： expanding the operation scale appropriately and sensibly, establishing multi--grade production subsidy system, developing new producer, improving basic production condition and strengthening social service system.
出处
《改革》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第6期5-26,共22页
Reform
基金
农业部种植业管理司2012~2013年度委托项目"我国粮食安全发展战略研究"
关键词
粮食供给
种粮效益
种粮补贴
新型农业经营主体
grain supply, grain production profit, subsidies for grain production, new agricultural management entities
