摘要
目的了解2010-2012年上海市72所二甲综合以上医院的医院感染现状。方法上海市医院感染质量控制中心依据卫生部《医院感染诊断标准》,每年11月组织全市监测网成员单位,对调查当日住院患者采取床旁及病案调查相结合的方法进行医院感染现患率调查。结果共调查病例148 446例,3年医院感染现患率分别为3.9%、4.0%、3.7%;ICU中,神经外科ICU感染率最高34.0%,新生儿ICU最低7.1%;非ICU科室中血液科感染率最高12.1%,泌尿外科最低2.1%;感染部位以下呼吸道感染最高47.6%,泌尿道次之14.4%;2010-2012年住院患者抗菌药物使用率分别为40.9%、36.2%、33.1%,抗感染治疗前微生物送检率分别为58.9%、64.6%、66.6%;前5位常见医院感染病原菌为铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、假丝酵母菌属、大肠埃希菌、MRSA,分别占14.9%、12.4%、11.6%、9.2%、6.7%。结论近3年上海市医院感染现患率无显著变化,ICU医院感染率高,应加强预防控制措施的落实,抗菌药物使用率逐年下降而微生物标本送检率持续上升,反映卫生部抗菌药物专项整治工作取得了成效。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of prevalence of healthcare-associated infections （HAIs） in 72 two-A or above hospitals of Shanghai during 2010--2012. METHODS A survey of HAIs was performed every November in the member units of Shanghai monitoring net by means of medical record checking and bedside visiting, then the HAIs were diagnosed according to the Criteria for diagnosis of nosocomial infections issued by the Minister of Health. RESULTS A total of 148 446 cases were enrolled, and the prevalence from 2010 to 2012 were 3.9%, 4.0% and 3. 7%, respectively. Among the various ICUs, the neurosurgery ICU had the highest prevalence of 34.0%, and the neonatal ICU had the lowest prevalence of 7.1 %. Among general wards, the hema- tology ward had the highest prevalence of 12.1% ,and the urology ward had the lowest prevalence of 2.1%. The top two H AIs were the lower respiratory tract infections （47.6 % ） and the urinary tract infections （14.4 %）. The utilization rates of antibiotics of the hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2012 were 40.9%, 36.2 %, and 33.1%, respectively, the microbial submission rates before the anti-infection treatment were 58.9 %, 64.6 %, and 66.6 %, respectively. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa （ 14. 9 % ） , Acinetobacter baumannii （12. 4 %）, Candida （ 11. 6 %）, Escherichia coli （9. 2%） , and MRSA （6. 7%） were the top five most common species of pathogens. CONCLUSION The prevalence of the nosocomial infections in Shanghai shows no significant difference in the nearly three years, and targeted HAIs surveillance should be enhanced. The utilization rate of antimicrobial agents is decreasing, and the microbial submission rate is increasing, which shows that the special rectification of antibacte- rial drugs has made achievements.
出处
《中华医院感染学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第7期1503-1506,共4页
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology
关键词
医院感染
现患率
抗菌药物
微生物送检
医院感染
病原菌
Healthcare-associated infection
Prevalence
AntimiCrobial agents
Microbial submission
Healthcare-＇associated infection
Pathogen
