摘要
非能动技术日益成为先进核电设计及安全保障的重要标志。通过辨识非能动与广义非能动的概念,指出其特征及关联性,明确非能动与能动概念的辩证统一。将非能动技术划分为12种类型:自然循环类;重力作用类;惯性作用类;温差传递类;材料效应类;体积变化类;虹吸效应类;密度锁类;负反馈类;压力作用类;逆止阀类;氢气复合(点火)器类等。划分了非能动技术历史包括诞生阶段,辅助阶段和壮大阶段。明确非能动技术发展的螺旋式上升和波浪式前进的特点。明晰了广义非能动概念使用可能带来的误区;非能动技术是完全可靠地误区;非能动技术完全优于能动技术的误区。提出非能动技术未来发展方向是:可靠性问题是首要问题;积极明确其机理及实现问题;要从交叉、种类和增强非能动技术功能上下功夫;要注意研究非能动条件下的安全文化。指出:非能动技术的发展是能源工业发展的必要条件,要积极创新非能动技术,并正确应用非能动技术所带来的工业技术发展与革新,联合应用能动技术与非能动技术是系统安全可靠高效运行的基本保障。
Passive technology becomes a mark of the design and the safe guarantee of advanced nuclear power plant. By defining the concepts of passive and generalized passive, the features and relevance between them were pointed out and then the dialectical unity of passive and active technology was confirmed. The passive technologies can be divided into 12 types, natural circulation, the action of gravity, action of inertia, temperature transfer, material effect, volume change, siphoning, density lock, negative feedback, pressure effect, check valve, hydrogen ignition composite apparatus and so on. The history of the passive technology includes the generating stage, the auxiliary stage and the expand stage. The development of the passive technology has the features of advancing like waves with the spiral loop. We point out the possible misunderstandings about the use of generalized passive and the misunderstandings that the passive technology is completely reliable and is better than the active ones. Then come up with the conclusions that the development direction of the passive technologies is the reliability of the passive system. It is the first question. We should make the mechanism of the passive technology clear and know how to realize it. And then make efforts on the technology types, how to enhance its function, and how to form the safety culture of passive technology. The development of the passive technology is a must of the development of the energy industry, we should innovate it and use it. Combined use of passive and active systems will be the basic guarantee of the system＇s safely, reliably and efficiently operating.
出处
《中国电机工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期81-89,14,共9页
Proceedings of the CSEE
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50976033)
华北电力大学校内"211"基金~~
关键词
非能动
广义非能动
核电机组
误区
passive
generalized passive
nuclear power unit
misunderstanding
作者简介
周涛（1965），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事核反应堆热工水力与安全，zhoutao@ncepu．edu．cn。
