摘要
战国后期至汉初的学术思想是以"智"为核心展开的。汉初对秦皇黩武的鞭挞,展示了智者的洞悉。汉代大赋的铸成,劝百讽一的特点,正呼应着学术的发展趋势。西汉大赋体式与当时君臣朝野博弈相呼应,司马相如作赋,正是时代精神的反映,他一方面迎合武帝好大喜功、"多欲"之心理需求,另一方面受时代思潮影响,顺应社会、士人的主流共识,此种揣摩精准,出于其理智的思索和算计,与文学纯粹的抒情性品格不同,这是造成其大赋特殊形态的关键因素。汉代大赋其实机锋暗藏,其尊君卑臣观念之宣扬,张扬着春秋公羊学的精神,希望借此将无限膨胀的专制集权纳入到可控的范围内。司马相如等人的大赋具备理性第一、感性其次,或者政治挂帅、文学陪侍之特性,也预示着中国文学的某种特质。
From the late Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty,academic thinking revolved around'wisdom'.Castigating the belligerence of Emperor Qinshihuang during the early Han Dynasty demonstrated the insightfulness of the very wise.The formation of fuin the Han Dynasty characterized by allegories and means of persuasion echoed what was happening in the academic community.The Western Han Dynasty's style of fu displayed what was taking place between the emperor and his subjects,and Sima Xiangru's fureflected the spirit of the age.On the one hand,he catered to Emperor Wudi's crave for greatness and success and endless desires;on the other hand,he complied with the mainstream consensus of society and intellectuals as a result of the influence of the ideological trends of his time.This kind of rational thinking and calculation was different from the pure lyrical character of the literature of the time,which was the key factor leading to the special style fuin the Han Dynasty.In actual fact,the Han Dynasty's fucontained hidden motives,which included the idea of worshipping the monarch and abasing the subjects.The fuadvocated the thoughts of the Gongyang School,and expressed the hope of keeping the unlimited autocracy under control.The fuby Sima and others featured both rationality and sensibility,but with the former given more priority.In other words,in these fu,politics came before literature.This also indicated c certain characteristic of Chinese literature.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期30-42,165,共13页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
作者简介
汪春泓，香港岭南大学中文系教授。
