摘要
以煤炭、石油、天然气为代表的化石燃料是中国乃至世界的主要能源资源,其平均发电效率低(30%左右),环境危害大,迫切需要改进。燃料电池是一种高效发电装置,将燃料的化学能直接转换为电能。在各种燃料电池中,固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)可以直接使用各种含碳燃料,很容易与现有能源资源供应系统兼容,一次发电效率高(50%～60%);SOFC采用全固态结构,长期稳定性好;不使用贵金属催化剂,成本低廉。SOFC尤其适用于分布式发电系统和动力电源系统。基于我国能源结构的现状和稀土资源优势,很有必要发展碳基燃料SOFC。在SOFC从示范运行逐步走向产业化应用的过程中,迫切需要进一步提高其长期稳定性并降低成本,所以今后的研究重点是碳基燃料SOFC关键材料和系统集成创新,解决其中的材料设计和制备、碳基燃料反应特性、电池构造、理论模拟、系统集成与运行过程中的基础科学和技术问题,为高效率、低成本、稳定可靠的碳基燃料SOFC系统产业化奠定基础。
Fossil fuel such as coal, oil and nature gas is the main energy resource in China even in the world. It has low power generation efficiency （approximately 30 %） and a great environmental impact, whichneeds to be improved. The fuel cell which could turn chemical energy directly into electrical energy is a kind of high efficiency power generation device （50 %-60 %）. In all kinds of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） could use many kinds of carbon-based fuels which could be easily compatible with the existed energy resource supply system and has high power generation efficiency. All solid structures are adopted in SOFC system and excellent long term stability is observed during operation when using this kind of fuel cell. Low cost is obtained because no precious metal catalyst is used in SOFC. SOFC is especially suitable for distributed generation system and power supply system. Because of the energy structure and the superiority of rare earth resource in China, it is necessary to develop carbon-based SOFC. Improving long term stability and reducing costs are needed in the process from model operation to industrialization of SOFC. Several techniques of the carbon-based SOFC need to be focused on in the future, such as key materials, innovation by systematic integration, design and preparation of material, reaction characteristics of carbon-based fuels, cell structure, theoretical modeling and the problems of foundation science and technique in SOFC integration and operation. The measures above establish the foundation of industrialization for high efficiency, low cost and reliable carbon-based SOFC system.
出处
《中国工程科学》
北大核心
2013年第2期4-6,26,共4页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划"973计划"资助项目(2012CB215404)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51110463)
关键词
固体氧化物燃料电池
碳基燃料
发电系统
solid oxide fuel cell
carbon-based fuels
power generation system
作者简介
彭苏萍（1959-），男，江西萍乡市人，中国工程院院士，教授，研究方向是能源系统；E-mail：psp@cumtb．edu．cn
