摘要
捕食者不但可以通过直接捕杀猎物而控制猎物的种群数量,还可以通过捕食风险效应影响猎物种群的繁殖和动态,并且在某些情况下,捕食风险效应对猎物种群动态的控制作用甚至大于捕食者的直接捕杀。关于捕食风险效应对猎物动物繁殖产出和种群动态变化的作用及其机理方面的野外研究越来越受到国内外学者重视。本文介绍了近年来捕食风险效应的研究进展,重点关注了美国黄石国家公园中捕食者对马鹿(Cervus elephus)、加拿大育空地区的捕食者对白靴兔(Lepus americanus)的捕食风险效应等案例研究,以阐明捕食风险效应对猎物种群动态影响的重要性,以及关于捕食风险效应影响猎物种群繁殖和动态机理的两个假说(捕食者敏感食物假说、捕食应激假说)。并结合我国在捕食者与猎物之间关系的研究现状,提出了进一步在野外开展捕食风险效应对濒危有蹄类猎物种群动态影响研究的建议,阐释了开展这些研究的重要意义。
Predators can not only control population size of prey through direct killing, but also influence reproductive outputs and population dynamics of prey through predation risk effects, which are the costs incurred by prey＇ s anti-predator behavioral change. Predation risk effects can have even stronger influences on prey population dynamics than direct killing of prey, but there have been relatively smaller number of field studies about the impacts of predation risk effects on population dynamics of preys during the past decades. This paper reviews the progress of researches about predation risk effects on population dynamics of preys with emphasis on introduction of several classical case studies involving Wolf （ Canis lupus） -Elk （ Cervus elephus） system in Yellowstone National Park of USA and Predator-snowshoe Hare （Lepus americanus） system in Yukon of Canada. This paper elaborates two hypotheses （predator-sensitive-food hypothesis and predation stress hypothesis） that have been proposed to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the impacts of predation risk on nutrition, reproduction and population dynamics of preys. There is evidence to support both hypotheses, but more researches are needed to further verify them. Considering that there have been few field studies about predation risk effects on prey population dynamics in China and the fact that many endangered species are facing increasing natural and anthropogenie stresses in China, I put forward recommendations and urge to conductresearches on predation risk effects （in addition to direct predation effects） on population dynamics of endangered ungulate preys in China.
出处
《动物学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期150-158,共9页
Chinese Journal of Zoology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.30709737)
关键词
捕食风险效应
直接捕食作用
捕食应激假说
捕食者敏感食物假说
Predation risk effects
Direct predation effects
Predation stress hypothesis
Predator-sensitive- food hypothesis
作者简介
石建斌，男，副教授；研究方向：动物生态学；E—mail：jianbin．shi@gmail.com。
