摘要
推动农户兼业行为演化及其离农决策的最终动力是家庭成员非农就业发展,而非农职业因素构成了衡量非农就业水平的核心特征。本文基于农户视角,分析了作为农户家庭主要劳动成员的夫妻双方非农职业层次、收入及安全风险等不同非农职业因素对农户兼业结构类型及其离农意愿之间的理论影响机制,在此基础上,分别运用有序Probit模型和二元Logit模型对长三角地区1036户农户进行了实证研究。结果表明,农户夫妻总体非农就业水平的提升,对推动农户非农化兼业结构升级,增强其主动离农意愿具有显著积极作用。进一步比较发现,其中非农职业层次因素对经济更发达地区农户的兼业结构发展影响程度较大,而作为女性的妻子职业安全风险因素对次发达地区农户离农决策影响更为显著,但总体上即期收入因素的影响并不明显。文章认为要把促进兼农成员的非农就业发展作为推动其家庭兼业结构升级,进而最终主动离农的重要政策切入点;在当前农地征用补偿政策中,要重视扶持失地农民的非农职业层次提升和职业安全风险降低等长期非农就业发展之"能力补偿",而非仅关注短期"收入补偿"。
The ultimate driving force propelling the rural household concurrent business behaviors and peasants＇ decisions on quitting agriculture is the non-agricultural employment of their family members, and the non-agricul- tural employment factors make up the key criterion for evaluating non-agricultural employment level. From the angle of rural households, this paper analyzed the mechanism of the theoretical impact of various non-agricultural occupational factors such as the non-agricultural employment level, income and security risk of the couple-the mainstay of rural households-on the rural households concurrent business structure and their intention to depart from agriculture. On the basis of this analysis, the paper conducted an empirical study on 1036 rural households in the Yangtze River Delta Region with the use of Ordered-Probit Model and Binary Logit Model. The result showed that the overall elevation of non-agricultural employment of rural couples played a significant and positive role in the upgrading of non-agricuhural concurrent business structure and the enhancement of their departure in- tention from agriculture. Further comparison revealed that non-agricultural employment level factor had more sig- nificant influence on the agricultural departure decisions of rural households in advanced regions, while the wife occupational security risk factor had a more significant impact on the agricultural departure decisions in less ad- vanced regions. On the whole, the recent income factor exerted little influence. The author maintained that the promotion of non-agricultural employment of concurrent agricultural members should be the focus in the policies for boosting family concurrent structure upgrading and leading to the ultimate automatic departure from agricul- ture. In the current land levying and compensation policies, attention should be paid to the long-term non-agri- cultural employment ＂ability compensation＂ such as promoting the landless peasants＇ non-agricuhural vocational level increase and vocational security risk decrease, rather than merely to the short-term ＂income compensation＂.
出处
《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期11-21,共11页
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(12CGL074)
教育部人文社科基金项目(10YJA790016)
国家统计局统计科研重点项目(2011LZ002)
江苏大学人文社科基金
关键词
非农职业因素
农户兼业结构
离农意愿
长三角地区
Non-agricultural Employment Factors
Rural Household Concurrent Business Structure
Peasants＇ Intention to Depart from Agriculture
Yangtze River Delta Region
作者简介
陈浩，男，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为劳动就业与农村公共发展管理。
