摘要
从形体特征看，整个汉字发展史经历了象形、亚象形、隶体和楷体四个阶段。商代、西周汉字形体为象形形体，春秋至战国中期为亚象形形体，战国后期至东汉为隶体，三国以后为楷体。象形、亚象形阶段构形依据是物象，隶体、楷体阶段构形依据是词的音义。在隶变后汉字新体系建立过程中，始终存在着两种力量的互动，一种是打破旧形体建立新形体的创新动能，表现为多途探索；另一种是结构平衡，从字形系统完善的角度来调整、确定种种异形成分的生存状态。在前期，多途探索处于主导地位，后期则结构平衡处于主导地位。共生式发展与替代式发展是汉字字形体系建立过程中两种发展模式，其中，共生式发展是常态。
The development of Chinese characters could be divided into four main stages in terms of the features of the characters' shape: pictographic from Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty, sub-pictographic from the Spring and Autumn Period to the middle of the Warring States Period, clerical script from the late of the Warring States Period to Eastern Han Dynasty, and regular scrip from the Three Kingdoms Period up to now. In pictographic and sub-pictographic stages, the characters' conformation was based on the physical images, and then turned to the meaning-sound patterns. There were two interacted mechanisms in the course of the establishment of the new system after the clerical script change: innovation which dominated the early period, and structure balance which replaced innovation in the later period. Co-existence of multiple shapes of the same character is common, while total replacement is fairly rare.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期3-12,95,共10页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果
关键词
汉字发展史
隶变
象形
development of Chinese characters, clerical script change, pictographic.
