摘要
南海作为一个具有战略通道功能和能源基地功能的特殊区域,在中国这个陆海复合型国家的地缘战略中具有特别重要地位。南海形势的持续紧张固然有其历史成因,但亦反映出当今中国在和平崛起过程中地缘环境趋于复杂的残酷现实。本文首先从南海地理概况、南海问题的历史沿革、国际社会对中国主权的认同三个方面辨析南海疆域地理格局和南海问题的动态演进;其次通过对南海权益争端脉络的梳理,指出南海问题在本质上已从中国与东盟当事国之间纯粹的资源争夺和领土争端,异化为西方大国阻击中国和平崛起的空间战场和历史节点;然后根据中国在"崛而未起"阶段特殊的敏感性和脆弱性,指出能力和意愿的不足是导致中国在南海问题上战略被动的主要原因;文章最后提出了应对南海局势的基本思路:在坚持"区内问题区内解决"原则,力争在双边或多边制度框架内和平化解矛盾和冲突的同时,要树立维护国家主权的坚定意志,防范个别国家出现战略误判,并加大对该地区的战略资源投放,逐步强化对争议海域的有效管理和实际控制。
As a strategic plays an important role passage and energy base, the South China Sea （SCS） in geostrategy of China, which is mainly made of is lands and sea. Definitely resulting from some historical facts, persistent tensions in SCS reflect the increasingly harsh and complicated geo-political environment in the process of China＇s peaceful rise. In the first place, this article reveals the dynamic evolution of SCS＇s territorial pattern after analyzing its geography, history and China＇s territory over it, which is acknowl- edged by international community; then, on the basis of reviewing disputes over SCS rights, the authors point out that the issue of SCS has been transformed into the spatial battlefield and unusual point in history, while western powers are attempting to impede China＇s peaceful rise, from the pure fighting for resources and territorial disputes between China and Asean parties in nature. Last, the strategies are put forward for resolving SCS disputes on the principle of peaceful resolution： national guidelines of China should be audaciously asserted as a precaution to prevent western powers and the other SCS countries from Dosing risks because of strategic misjudgment; comprehensive strategies adopted to settle regional conflicts to win the understanding and support from the related countries; effective supervision and factual control over controversial waters enhanced; joint ocean enforcement agencies established; ocean strategies clarified and new SCS law and order set up; the baseline of China＇s territorial sea modified and legal implication of ＂nine-dotted line＂ expounded as soon as possible; research institutes set up specially for publicizing SCS and disputes over its islands and laying the foundations of the game for public opinions.
出处
《世界地理研究》
CSSCI
2012年第2期1-17,共17页
World Regional Studies
基金
华东师范大学教育部战略研究基地开放基金项目
关键词
南海
主权争端
地缘战略
South China Sea
territorial disputes
China
作者简介
作者简介：杜德斌（1963-），男，教授，博导，华东师范盔学教育部战略研究基地主任，中国地理学会世界地理专业委员会主任，长期从事世界地理和科技创新问题研究。E-mail：dbdu@re．ecnu．edu．cn．
