摘要
西方国家早期的家庭政策是通过普适性的福利性手段减少家庭贫困,全面提高公民的福利水平。20世纪60、70年代,西方国家完成人口转变之后,家庭的发展进入后现代化时期,家庭模式发生了巨大转变。为达到国家的人口战略目标,西方国家的家庭政策从覆盖全民的福利性保障,逐渐转为在保证福利的同时,更加注重鼓励生育。当前西方国家在家庭政策的实施中所采取的主要政策工具包括家庭补贴和税收优惠政策,产假、生育补贴和工作保护,以及儿童看护和教育政策。依据西方发达国家家庭政策的已有经验,我国家庭政策体系可以采取"保基本、广覆盖、福利与调控人口并重"的政策路线。
In achieving universal welfare, early family policies in the Western countries were to re- duce family poverty, and to enhance the welfare of their citizens. The Western countries completed the demographic transition in the 1950s to 1970s and family patterns changed dramatically. In order to ac- complish their population and development strategy, family policies which oriented to universal welfare covering all citizens gradually changed into ensuring family welfare as well as encouraging population growth. The main policy instruments of the family policies in Western countries include family allowance and family tax reduction, maternity leave, child - raising allowance and job protection, child care facili- ties and education policy. Learning from policy experiences in Western countries and addressing the re- quirements of family development capability construction in China＇s twelfth five - year plan period, this paper proposes a basic policy approach, that is ＇ Ensure the basic needs, extend the coverage to all families, and integrate welfare into population regulation. ＇
出处
《人口研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期45-52,共8页
Population Research
关键词
家庭政策
福利制度
人口发展战略
Family Policy, Welfare System, Population Development Strategy
作者简介
盛亦男,中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心博士研究生,Email:synsheng@163.com;杨文庄,中国人口福利基金会秘书长。
