摘要
无机多孔非金属矿 ,按孔径及其应用特点可划分为纳米级 (1～ 10 0nm )、微米级 (0 .1～10 0 μm)及毫米级 (0 .1～ 1mm)等三种类型。微米级多孔非金属矿主要有硅藻土、轻质蛋白石、多孔凝灰岩、多孔硅质岩等 ,大都分布于地台活化区内 ,为后地台稳定条件下形成。它们的物相主要为蛋白石、微晶石英或流纹质玻屑等 ;化学成分上具有高硅、低铝铁等特征 ;孔隙结构除具有孔径相似、孔形态丰富、孔隙率大、堆密度小及多开孔等相似性外 ,在微米级孔径范围内 (0 .1～ 10 0 μm) ,孔隙的大小、形状及抗压强度等方面也具有相异性。因此它们具有与纳米级和毫米级多孔非金属矿不同的应用领域。
Inorganic porous non-metallic ores can be grouped i nto three types according to the size of pore diameter and their applications: n anometer sized (1～100nm), micron sized (0.1～100μm) and millimeter sized (0.1 ～1.0mm). Among them, micron sized porous non-metallic ores chiefly include dia tomaceouse earth, light-weighted opal, porous tuff and siliceous rock etc. Mos t of them occur in activated regions of platform as the results of post-platfor m mineralization at a stable stage. The principal mineral phase of micron sized porous non-metallic ores is opal, microquartz crystals and rhyolitic glass. The porous siliceous rock mainly consi sts of microquartz crystals and has a high degree of hardness and stability.The opal as a major mineral phase of diatomaceouse earth and light-weighted opal, a nd the rhyolitic glass as a major mineral phase of the porous tuff, are usually unstable. They are very easily to undergo crystallization in nature. Chemically, the micron sized porous non-metallic ores have the features of higher silicon and lower aluminium, iron etc.. Among them the porous siliceous r ock has the highest contents of SiO 2 ( >92%), the diatomaceouse earth and lig ht-weighted opal——less (<92%), and the porous tuff——the lowest(<70%). This is one of the most effective markers to identify porous siliceous rock and diat omaceouse earth. There are similar and different aspects in pore features of micron sized porou s non-metallic ores. Their similarities are high porosity, low cumulus density and frequent open-pores; Their differences are mainly expressed in size, shape and compression strength of the pores. The micron sized porous non-metallic ores have strong adsorbability and heat p reservation capacity and can be used as the adsorbents, catalysts, carriers, fi llings and thermal insulation materials. Because of their remarkable functio n in removing particles in filtration and separation, they are the best raw mate rials in making filter aids. Presently, most of micron sized porous non-metal lic ores as potential non-metallic mineral resources have been gradually utiliz ed in the fields of building materials, chemical engineering, agriculture, food and environmental protection etc.
出处
《高校地质学报》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第2期340-344,共5页
Geological Journal of China Universities
基金
湖南中青年专家基金!(湘科计字 1996 312 0 4)
湖南省"95"科技发展计划资助项目!(湘计科 1998 75 0 14)
关键词
微米级
无机多孔非金属矿
非金属矿物
硅藻土
inorganic porous non-metallic ores
non-metallic mine ral materials
diatomaceous earth
light-weighted opal
porous tuff
porous sil iceous rock
