摘要
森林砍伐和恢复改变了流域洪水形成条件,将影响河流洪水的总量与洪峰形态,但是选择合适的技术来进行准确的分析评价仍然是个难题。采用流域分布式水文数学模型(SWAT)对四川梭磨河径流过程进行模拟,得到不同森林覆被率的洪水过程和洪峰的频率分布。针对各种森林情境下的洪水过程模拟,发现对于中小尺度流域,良好的森林覆被可以减小洪水大小30%～40%,而且其中森林覆被率在35%～40%之内具有最显著的滞蓄洪效益,它与完全的森林覆被对在洪水的影响差异仅在5%以内,这对于我国西南生态保护与恢复工程的实施决策具有重要参考价值。
Forest logging or reforestation will singnificantly influent the generation condition of hydrographes.The flood peaks and total volume may change with the variation of forest coverage.But it is hard to selecte a proper method to evaluate this impact quantitatively.In the paper a distributed hydrological mathematical model（SWAT） is used to simulate the hydrographies of the Shuomo River,south-western China.The flood frequency curves are derived from the modeled flood events by this model.Based on the frequency analyses of flood events for different forest coverages,one can find that the reducing rate of flood peak is about 35% at the most advantaged forest condition.The main part of flood reducing effect is come down with forest ratio in 30%-40%.It has only 5% difference in flood reducing effect comparing with the most possible forest coverage（100%）.These results mean that the optimal forest ratio for south-western China is between 30%-40%.This criterion can be application in the planning of ecological rehabilitation engineering.
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期561-565,共5页
Mountain Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31070405)资助~~
关键词
森林水文
洪水频率
影响评价
forest change
flood features
impact evaluation
作者简介
程根伟，男，博士，研究员，主要从事水文学与生态环境研究；
