摘要
为明确宁夏南部山区枸杞的开花生物学特性,以当地枸杞主栽品种"宁杞一号"为材料,于2008-2010年对枸杞的开花物候、花粉活力、柱头可授性、泌蜜规律、花粉胚珠比和杂交指数等进行研究。结果表明,宁杞1号单花花期一般为3 d左右,老眼枝花期在4月下旬至5月上旬,七寸枝花在5月下旬至7月上旬,盛花期在5月下旬至6月下旬。花后2 h开始散粉,但花粉在散粉前就具有活力,花后6 h活性最强,72 h时花粉基本散尽且残余花粉活力很低。花后27 h内,5 a生树七寸枝花粉活力高于同时期10 a生树的花粉活力,其他时间段花粉活力基本一致。柱头在松蕾期和花后3 h内均不具备可授性,花后3 h开始具有可授性,18～36 h达最强,36 h候后可授性逐渐下降,花后60 h时基本丧失可授性。一天当中,枸杞单花蜜量7:00最大,此后在蜜量上逐渐减少,但含糖量上升,到15:00以后蜜量开始出现回升趋势。七寸枝初花期的蜜量显著高于老眼枝,而5 a生七寸枝在盛花期的蜜量显著高于10 a生树。枸杞单花花粉量约为241 000粒,花粉胚珠比介于4 918～6 694之间,杂交指数(OCI)为5,因而可以断定枸杞的繁育系统为专性异交类型,需要传粉媒介为其传粉。
To identify the flowering biological characteristics of Chinese wolfberry in the southern of Ningxia Hui autonomous region,the floral biological characteristics,pollen viability,stigma receptivity,nectar secretion rhythm,pollen ovule ratio and outcrossing index of ＂Ningqi 1＂ were investigated in this paper.The results suggested that the old branches flowered from the late of April to the first ten days of May,but the new branches flowered from the late of May to the first ten days of July,and the full-bloom stage started from the late of May to the late of June,and most of flowers bloom about 3 days.The pollen can maintain viability since the late of bud stage,the flower has the strongest viability at 6 hours after flowering,the flower diverging over its pollen 72 hours later and the residuary pollen has low viability.The pollen viability of the five years old Chinese wolfberry is stronger than 10 years old trees during the first 27 hours,and has the same strong viability since the flowers bloom for 27 hours later.The stigma had no receptivity during the bud stage and the first 3 hours,with the passage of time,the stigma receptivity become more and more strong,and the stigma has the strongest receptivity since the flower flowered for 18 to 36 hours,the stigma decreased its receptivity after 36 hours and loss the receptivity after 60 hours.The nectar secretion rhythm is also investigated in this paper,the results showed that the maximum volume of nectar was appeared at 7：00,since then,the volume of nectar become less and less until 15：00,but the concentration of the sugar for the flower raised with the time.At the same time,new branches secreted more nectar than the old ones,the new branches of five years old tree secreted more nectar than ten years old tree during the full-bloom stage.The pollen quantity of whole flower is about 241 000,and the pollen ovule ratio is about 4 918～6 694,the outcrossing index is five,so the breeding system is obligate xenogamy,this suggested that insect pollination will benefit to the pollination of Chinese wolfberry.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期150-156,共7页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
“中国农业科学院-宁夏回族自治区”院地合作项目
中国农业科学院院基本业务费(0032011026)
国家蜜蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-45)
宁夏农业综合开发项目(NZKJ-2011-13)
关键词
枸杞
开花生物学
花粉活力
柱头可授性
繁育系统
Chinese wolfberry
Floral biology
Pollen viability
Stigma receptivity
Breeding system
作者简介
罗术东，男，博士，副研究员，从事蜜源植物与授粉昆虫生态安全研究。E—mail：shudongluo@126．com
通讯作者：吴杰，男，博士，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事蜜蜂授粉和蜂业管理等研究。
