摘要
针对农户生计非农化对耕地流转的影响,采用Logistic回归分析方法,对福建省长汀县358户农户生计非农化对耕地流转的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:①农户生计非农化与耕地流出之间是一种正反馈关系,农户生计非农化有效促进了农户耕地的流出;②生计非农化诱致的农业劳动力缺乏以及较高的务农机会成本是农户耕地流出的直接原因;③生计非农化总体上对耕地流入起到抑制作用,其中,务农机会成本对农户耕地流入起到主导的抑制作用,而地租下降等因素对耕地流入起到促进作用,一定程度上缓解了高务农机会成本对耕地流入的影响。
Cropland transfer is crucial in dealing with the contradiction between agricultural modernization with rural household contract responsibility system.It may overcome the disadvantages of Chinese traditional system of land equalization and boost the sustainable use of cropland.With the nonfarm process of rural households＇livelihood, many migrating households tend to transfer their cropland out.And those rural households with lower migrating labor rate may engage in large-scale agricultural production.Therefore,understanding the impact of rural households＇nonfarm employment on cropland transfer is essential to clarify the driving forces of cropland transfer.In the article,the impact of rural households＇nonfarm employment on cropland transfer was systematically analyzed in rural and environmentally fragile areas in Changting County of Fujian Province,based on the survey of 358 households in 6 villages.The logistic regressive model was established to examine the impact of rural households＇nonfarm employment on cropland transfer.The independent variables of the logistic regressive model included： number of household agricultural labors,average age of household agricultural labors,cropland area per capita,the proportion of income from managing cropland to total household income per year,and proportion of employees at non-agriculture to total labors.The results indicated that rural households＇nonfarm employment remarkably promoted the cropland transfer out.The relationship between rural households＇nonfarm employment and cropland transfer was a positive feedback relationship.The agricultural labor scarcity and agricultural labor opportunity costs resulted from out-migration and local off-farm employment were the primary cause of the cropland transfer out.Moreover,nonfarm employment as a whole impeded cropland transfer in.In detail,agricultural labor opportunity costs hindered the cropland transfer in,while the decrease of land rent promoted the cropland transfer in to some extent.Finally,conclusions and policy enlightenment were summarized.The conclusions contained three parts.Firstly,the relationship between rural livelihood nonfarm trend and cropland transfer out was a positive feedback other than a simple one-way linear relation.Secondly,agricultural labor scarcity and agricultural labor opportunity costs resulted from rural nonfarm employment was the most important cause of cropland transfer out.In addition,the higher opportunity costs and decreasing cropland rent were key factors of cropland transfer in.Therefore,in order to promote cropland transfer and sustainable management,some measures should be taken such as accelerating rural labor forces transfer into non-agriculture,boosting the cropland centralization and large-scale management, increasing overall support for large-scale agriculture,and optimizing the management of cropland transfer.
出处
《地理科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第11期1362-1367,共6页
Scientia Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40901298)资助
关键词
农户
生计非农化
耕地流转
LOGISTIC模型
福建
rural household
nonfarm employment
cropland transfer
logistic model
Fujian Province
作者简介
王成超（1979-），男，山东临沂人，博士，讲师，从事农户生计和山地生态恢复研究。E—mail：wchc79@163．com
