摘要
在云南省滇西北香格里拉县五境乡,经过村民长期的试验和实践,野生羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)得到了成功的人工种植与推广。2010年8～9月,为了了解五境乡羊肚菌人工种植的经济和生态效益,对该乡的羊肚菌种植"示范村"—仓觉村进行了调查。结果表明,仓觉村具有悠久的羊肚菌分布、收集与栽培历史;羊肚菌的种植与其他地区相比有明显的差异,当地羊肚菌的种植以传统方法为主;随着羊肚菌种植面积的扩大,羊肚菌对当地人民的生计和经济收入有着越来越重要的作用;由于需要砍伐一些森林资源作为栽培料,羊肚菌的种植对当地的生态环境有一定负面影响,然而在一定程度上反而有利于森林的替代和增加生物多样性。为了促进羊肚菌种植的可持续发展和生态保护,当地村民也采取了一些积极的措施,如对栽培料森林资源的采伐方式为伐大留小和砍密留稀,村民在退耕还林地上自发种植大量的栽培料木材资源,并开始尝试其他的种植方式。
The wild Morchella spp.（Yellow Morel） have successfully been cultivated and extended on farming land by local farmers and communities through a long time experiment and practicing in Wujing Township,Shangri-la County,northwest Yunnan province,China.To understand economic benefits and ecological effects of artificially cultivated Morchella spp.,Cangjue village（a famous village of cultivated Morchella spp.） was surveyed between August and September 2010.The results showed that there was a long history of Morchella spp.in distribution,collection and cultivation in Cangjue village.The major technique of cultivated Morchella spp.with traditional knowledge originally derived from local communities,which was different from advanced techniques.Cultivated Morchella spp.played an important role in local livelihoods and economic income.As some forest resources were used for cultural materials of Morchella spp.,cultivated Morchella spp.had a few negative effects on local ecological environment,and it also was able to improve local biodiversity and forest succession.Moreover,in order to improve the sustainable development of cultivated Morchella spp.and ecological protection,local farmers and communities voluntarily adopted some positive strategies.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期2004-2009,共6页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
云南省环保厅和加拿大国际发展研究中心项目
关键词
羊肚菌
人工种植
经济生态影响
传统知识
香格里拉县
Morchella spp.
Artificially cultivating
Economic and ecological effects
Traditional knowledge
Shangri-la
作者简介
申时才（1979-），男，云南镇雄人，硕士，主要从事杂草生态学、外来生物入侵和农村发展研究，E-mail：shenshicai_08@yahoo．com．cn，
为通讯作者，E-mail：fdzh@vip．sina．com。
