摘要
采用农户抽样调查的方法，分析研究了湖南省油菜施肥状况及存在的问题。结果表明，油菜种植中有机肥的施用比例为87．7％，施用最普遍的是人粪尿和猪粪尿。化肥品种中，尿素和复合肥的施用比例分别为53．5％和51．8％，而单质磷、钾肥及硼肥的施用比例较低。全省油菜氮、磷、钾肥平均总投入量分别为132kg／hm2、47kg／hm2,75kg／hm2，N：P2O5：K2O的平均比例为1：0．35：0．57。施肥量分级结果表明，N总投入量〈150kg／hm2的比例为70．2％，P2O5总投入量〈60kg/hm2的比例为6913％，K2O总投入量〈60kg/hm2的比例为71．9％。油菜的施肥模式基本为种肥，基肥＋1次追肥，氮肥基，追比在40％～60％之间的农户比例仅为15．8％。施肥中存在的主要问题是：肥料用量不足，养分比例不协调；忽视硼肥的施用；秸秆还田的比例较低；氮肥基，追比不合理，施肥技术有待于进一步提高。
The fertilization status of rape in Hunan Province and its existing problems were studied by using sampling survey of peasant household. The results showed that during rape planting process, the applying proportion of organic fertilizer was 87.7% and the most common applying mature was night soil and pig slurry; among chemical fertilizers, the applying proportion of urea and compound fertilizer was 53.5% and 51.8%, respectively; the applying proportion of single phosphorus, single potassium and single born was very low. The average total fertilizer rate of N, P2O5 and K：O for rape in entirely Huuan Province was 132, 47 and 75 kg/hm2, respectively, and the proportion of them was 1：0.35：0.57. The grade result of fertilizer rate showed that the proportion of total N fertilizer rate under 150 kg/hm2, total P205 fertilizer rate under 60 kg/hm2 and total K2O fertilizer rate under 60 kg/hm2 was 70.2%, 69.3% and 71.9%, respectively. The common fertilization pattern is applying one more topdressing for seed/basal fertilizer, and there was only 15.8% surveyed farmers applying fertilizer with the basal/topdressing ratio of N at 40%-60%. The main problems existed in fertilization were as follows： firstly, the fertilizer rate was not enough and the ratio of N：P2O5：K2O was unbalanced; secondly, the application of born fertilizer was neglected; thirdly, the proportion of returning straw to field was low; lastly, the basal/topdressing ratio of N was unreasonable and farmers＇ technique of fertilization needs to be further enhanced.
出处
《湖南农业科学》
2011年第9期55-59,共5页
Hunan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05)
油菜现代产业技术体系建设(nycytx-005)
关键词
湖南
油菜
施肥
调查
Hunan
rape
fertilization
investigation
作者简介
徐华丽（1986－），女，河南周口市人，硕士研究生主要从事现代施肥技术研究。
通讯作者：鲁剑巍
