摘要
迄今为止,全球大约有超过30亿人口接种卡介苗。卡介苗最多能预防80%的结核病,主要预防粟粒性结核病和结核性脑膜炎,且有效性长达15年;然而,它的保护作用依地理变化而异,这可能与频繁暴露于结核病、卡介苗菌毒株的基因变异、人群遗传差异、非结核分枝杆菌的干扰、受寄生虫感染的干扰等有关。卡介苗是世界上使用最广泛、最安全的疫苗之一;但如果给有免疫缺陷的婴儿接种卡介苗,会引起播散性或致命性感染。世界卫生组织推荐在高结核流行区的国家,所有新出生儿童都应接种卡介苗。
So far,it is estimated that more than 30 million people worldwide vaccinated BCG.At best,the BCG vaccine is 80% effective in preventing tuberculosis for a duration of 15 years,BCG seems to have its greatest effect in preventing miliary TB or TB meningitis;however,its protective effect appears to vary according to geography.The reasons for the variable efficacy of BCG in different countries include background frequency of exposure to tuberculosis,genetic variation in BCG strains,genetic variation in populations,interference by nontuberculous mycobacteria,interference by concurrent parasitic infection and so on.BCG is one of the safest vaccines;but if the baby with immune deficiency is vaccinated,BCG can cause disseminated or fatal infection.The WHO recommend BCG be given to all children born in countries highly endemic for TB because it protects against miliary TB and TB meningitis.
出处
《中华疾病控制杂志》
CAS
2011年第8期716-719,共4页
Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention
关键词
卡介苗
结核
一级预防
BCG vaccine Tuberculosis Primary prevention
作者简介
【作者简介】周勇（1966-），男，福建平潭人，主任医师，硕士。主要研究方向：免疫规划。【通讯作者】郑金凤，E—mail：zhjf8888@126．com
