摘要
延庆县是官厅水库所在地,种植业是该县污染的主要因素之一,掌握种植业污染源现状,对于防治农业面源污染和保证水源地安全有重要意义。此研究采用普查方法,摸清了延庆县2007年种植业污染源情况,分析了种植业中化学投入品(化肥、化学农药和地膜)的投入和流失情况、废弃物(农作物秸杆)的产生利用情况,并对该县种植业总体污染情况进行了评价。结果表明,2007年延庆县化肥总施用量为1.61×104(折纯),其中纯氮施用量是1.14×104t,占总施用量的70.6%,延庆县种植业氮肥流失量占t全县总氮排放量的52.4%,是农业面源污染中的氮素最主要来源,磷流失量占全县总磷流失量的35.1%。农药中用量较为突出的是人工除草剂阿特拉津,每年施用量为28129.97kg。康庄镇、延庆镇、张山营镇、旧县镇、永宁镇、香营、井庄镇7个乡镇是延庆县种植业源排放最严重的区域,该7个乡镇紧临官厅库区,成为威胁官厅水库水质安全的主要因素。最后针对主要污染源的种类和成因,从源头阻断、过程控制及末端治理3个层面提出了4条防控措施。
Planting is one of the main pollution sources of Yanqing County,where located Guanting Reservoir,the strategic water resource of Beijing.In order to control agricultural non-point source pollution and ensure the safe of water resource field,it is necessary to learn the pollution status.Survey methods were applied to find out the Planting source of Yanqing County in 2007,and the chemical farming inputs（fertilizers,chemical pesticides and plastic film） as well as wastage（crop straw） production utilization were analyzed.The overall pollution was evaluated on the basis of survey.The results showed that,the total amount of fertilizer application of Yanqing County was 16169.72 t（pure）,in which nitrogen fertilizers was 11408.88 t,accounting for 70.6%.The total nitrogen（TN） loss of Planting accounted for 52.4% of total nitrogen emissions,which was the serious source of nitrogen emission.Phosphorus loss accounted for 35.1% of total amount.Artificial herbicide-Atrazine was more prominent pesticides,application rate was 28129.97 kg per year.Seven towns（Kangzhuang,Yanqingzhen,Zhangshanying,Jiuxian,Yongning,Xiangying,Jingzhuang） were the key emission sources,which neighbored to the Guanting Reservoir,became key threats to water quality.Finally,four control measures were proposed from three levels of the source block,process control and end treatments according to the types and causes of the main sources.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第11期241-245,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
科技部"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B01
2007BAD87B02)
北京市优秀人才项目(2010D002020000004)
北京市农林科学院青年科研基金"高分子水土保持剂在裸露地生态治理中的应用研究"
关键词
污染源普查
农业面源污染
种植业
延庆
survey of emission sources
agricultural non-point source pollution
planting
Yanqing
作者简介
第一作者简介：张东兴，男，1969年出生，北京延庆人，农艺师，本科，主要从事农业面源污染研究。通信地址：102100北京市延庆东外大街88号延庆县种植业服务中心，Tel：010-69176076，E-mail．,yqkwb@yahoo．com．cn。
通讯作者：赵同科，男，1959年出生，博士，河北人，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事农业环境科学研究。通信地址：100097北京市海淀区曙光花园中路9号北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所，Tel：010—51503584，Emaihtkzhao@126．com。
