摘要
为研究25年来汾河上游流域的水环境变化是否影响太原居民正常供水,以确保该流域经济和环境的可持续发展,根据汾河上游流域1985—2010年水质资料和5个水样点(汾河头马营、宁化、东寨、河岔、汾河水库)的水样,采用单因子评价方法(据水质评价标准,确定水质类别)和综合评价指数法对该流域沿程水质变化进行分析。结果表明:1)汾河上游水质在2002年前后变化比较明显,主要表现在水质类型普遍升高,大多从Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水上升为Ⅳ类以上水质。宁化到河岔间超Ⅲ类水的比例增大,汾河水库水质类型变化不很明显,基本处于Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水质。这主要是由于上游炼焦、洗煤废水排放和化肥的大量使用使高锰酸盐指数、BOD5和氨氮上升,导致水质类型发生年际变化。2)汾河上游水质污染指标中,高锰酸钾和氨氮沿程都呈上升趋势,说明沿程水域中亚硝酸盐过高,水环境不适合水中无机和有机污染物的分解,导致水质恶化。3)汾河上游流域水质综合情况是有机污染物浓度和种类发生了变化,水体的富营养化程度和硬度日趋增高,主要原因是由于流域用水量增加和污染物处理不当,导致污染严重。整体来看,汾河上游水质在不断恶化,采取各项措施保护汾河上游流域水环境是当前和今后工作的重点。
In order to reveal the effect of water quality along upstream of Fen River on regular water supply to residents in Taiyuan,the capital city of Shanxi Province,the history of water quality over 25 years from 1985 to 2010 was investigated in this study.The water samples were collected from five sites,four villages（Toumaying,Ninghua,Dongzhai,and Hecha） along the river and Fen River Reservoir upstream.Single factor evaluation method and index method were used to evaluate the water quality.Results showed that：1）The water quality deteriorated significantly in the upstream area around 2002.For most water samples,quality grade increased from level II or III to level IV or above.High percentage of samples around Ninghua and Hecha areas showed grade lower than level III,whereas Fen River Reservoir showed water quality around level II or III.The deterioration of water quality was mainly due to the increase of concentration of salt permanganate index,BOD5 and NH＋4-N resulted from coke burning,coal washing and heavy use of fertilizers.2） Salt permanganate index and NH＋4-N showed increasing trend for the water quality upstream of Fen River,mainly due to the low efficiency of decomposition of inorganic and organic pollutants caused by high concentration of nitrite in the water.3） The general change of the water quality in the upstream area of Fen River occurred to the concentration and varieties of organic pollutants,showing increased level of eutrophication and water hardness,mainly due to increased consumption of water and inappropriate waste treatment.In general,the water quality upstream of Fen River has been deteriorating,it should be the main focus to take all measures to protect the water environment upstream of Fen River.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2011年第3期59-64,共6页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家林业局948项目"河溪植被缓冲带恢复综合技术引进"(2006-04-15)
山西大学科学科研启动费资助
关键词
水质类型
年际变化
水质沿程变化
综合评价
汾河流域
water type
annual changes in water quality categories
streamwise changes in water quality
comprehensive evaluation
Fen River Watershed
作者简介
李俊英（1975-），女，博士研究生，讲师。主要研究方向：园林工程及水土保持。E-mail：ljy75222@163．com
