摘要
西方的现代化肇始于启蒙运动。以赚钱为志业的人们成为社会中坚、"资本的逻辑"成为支配现代社会建制的"逻辑"与物质主义价值观成为主流价值观是现代化过程的三个侧面。经历了这一社会变迁,商人由卑贱变为高贵。中国的启蒙和现代化也典型地体现为商人由贱到贵的转变和物质主义的流行。在中国传统社会,道德至高无上,思想精英是领导阶级,而商人的社会地位较低。"文革"不是启蒙。1978年开始的改革开放才是最有成效的一波启蒙。十六大允许民营资本家入党,是中国历史上的一个标志性事件——几千年的商人不得"仕宦为吏"的禁令被彻底废除了。至此,物质主义已大化流行。现代性要求国家和哲人放弃引导人们如何理解善和好生活,而让市场和经济学去引导人们理解善和好生活,让商人们去示范何谓善行、何谓好生活!这样做的结果是国家没有对各种不同的善观念保持中立,而是强有力地支持了由功利主义和现代经济学偷运的善观念——物质主义的善观念。启蒙和现代性的要害就是物质主义的泛滥。从生态学的视角看,中国传统文明不会走向生态崩溃,而现代性的扩张正引导着人类文明走向毁灭的深渊。为摆脱毁灭的命运,必须由工业文明走向生态文明。为走向生态文明,中国人须有一场纠正现代性种种弊端的"新启蒙"。"新启蒙"的中心思想任务就是论证"科技万能论"的错谬和物质主义的虚妄!
Western modernization began by Enlightenment. The facts that business men become the leading class, ＂the logic of capital＂ becomes the guidance of the change of institutions, and materialism becomes the mainstream of values are three dimensions of the same process of the social change. After that, business men become noble from the low social level. Enlightenment and modernization happened in China is similar in these aspects. In traditional China, morality is sovereign, and thinking elites were the leading class while business men were relatively nidering. Reformation and Open started in 1978 is the most effective wave of Enlightenment in China. It is a historical event for Jiang Zemin to declare that business man can also be a member of CCP because the thousands years lasting decree that prohibits business men to be officials has been abolished. Since then, materialism has become the mainstream of values in China. Modernity requires state and thinking elites not to guide people＇ s understanding of the conceptions of good and good life, but let market and economics to do so, and let business men make examples for people to know what are virtues and good life. The consequence is that the state doesn＇t keep neutral to different conceptions of good, but supports strongly the conception of good from utilitarianism and mod- ern economics, i. e. , the materialistic conception of good. The key of Enlightenment and modernity is the flooding of materialism. From the perspective of ecology, traditional Chinese civilization will not cause ecological collapse, while the expanding of modernity is leading human beings to the abysm of death. To change the fate of death, human beings have to go to ecocivilization from industrial civilization. To build eco -civilization, we Chinese have to launch a New Enlightenment to correct the mistakes of modernity. The missions of New Enlightenment are to prove that science and technology is not omnipotent and materialism is absurd.
出处
《社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第7期122-129,共8页
Journal of Social Sciences
关键词
启蒙
现代性
物质主义
Enlightenment
Modernity
Materialism
作者简介
卢风，清华大学哲学系教授（北京100084）
