摘要
为了明确不同海拔茶园之间害虫、天敌种群及其群落结构的差异,为茶园害虫综合防治提供科学依据,采用平行跳跃抽样调查方法分别对海拔698.6、270m和46m的高、中、低海拔茶园进行调查,并进行方差分析,进而用新复极差法进行多重比较,结果表明,以样方为单位3种海拔中差异极显著的害虫是假眼小绿叶蝉、柑桔粉虱、茶短须螨、茶黄蓟马、琥珀广翅蜡蝉和绿螽蟖;差异极显著的天敌是八点球腹蛛、锥腹肖蛸、日本球腹蛛和茶色新圆蛛。数量居于3种海拔第一位的物种:高海拔茶园主要害虫为假眼小绿叶蝉、柑橘粉虱、茶短须螨和绿螽蟖,天敌为锥腹肖蛸和八点球腹蛛;中海拔茶园害虫为茶黄蓟马和红蜡蚧,天敌为粽管巢蛛;低海拔茶园天敌为茶色新圆蛛和日本球腹蛛。高海拔的主要害虫还有茶黄蓟马和琥珀广翅蜡蝉,主要天敌还有草间小黑蛛、茶色新圆蛛和日本球腹蛛;中海拔的主要害虫还有假眼小绿叶蝉和茶短须螨,主要天敌还有八点球腹蛛、草间小黑蛛、锥腹肖蛸、拟环纹狼蛛、三突花蟹蛛;低海拔的主要害虫有假眼小绿叶蝉、茶黄蓟马、柑桔粉虱和红蜡蚧,主要天敌还有八点球腹蛛、锥腹肖蛸、草间小黑蛛、粽管巢蛛和异色瓢虫。3种海拔茶园之间节肢动物群落多样性指数、个体数和均匀度差异均极显著,物种数差异不显著,3种海拔茶园之间植食性昆虫亚群落的多样性和物种数差异均不显著,个体数和均匀度差异均极显著。3种海拔茶园之间天敌亚群落的多样性指数、物种数和个体数差异均极显著。总群落多样性指数和群落相对稳定性值均是低海拔茶园最大。
In order to understand the differences among population quantities and community structure of pests and their natural enemies in tea gardens of different altitudes,and to provide a scientific basis for integrated pest management（IPM） in tea gardens,in the present work,systematical investigations were conducted at three tea gardens of different altitude heights（i.e.698.6 m（high）,270 m（medium） and 46 m（low）） by using the survey method of parallel jumping sampling.Analysis of variance showed that pests of significant differences among the three tea gardens of different altitude heights were Empoasca vitis（Gothe）,Dialeurodes citri（Ashmead）,Brevipalpus theae（Ma et Yuan）,Scirtothrips dorsalis（Hood）,Ricania cacaonic（Chou et Lu） and Holochlora nawae（Matsumura et Shiraki）,and their F values were 39.97,21.09,8.29,21.10,6.24 and 46.27,respectively;whilst enemies of significant differences among the three tea gardens of different altitude heights were Theridion octomaculatum（Boes.et Str.）,Tetragnatha maxillosa（Thorell）,Enoplognatha japonica（Boes.et Str.）,Neoscona theisi（Walckenaer）,and their F values were 7.49,8.00,18.61 and 17.36,respectively.The statistical analyses further showed that the first main pests were Empoasca vitis（Gothe）,Dialeurodes citri（Ashmead）,Brevipalpus theae（Ma et Yuan） and Holochlora nawae（Matsumura et Shiraki） in high-altitude tea garden;and Scirtothrips dorsalis（Hood） and Ceroplastes rubens（Maskell） in mid-altitude tea garden.Whilst the first natural enemies were Tetragnatha maxillosa（Thorell） and Theridion octomaculatum（Boes.et Str.） in high-altitude tea garden;and Clubiona japonicola（Boes.et Str.） in mid-altitude tea garden;as well as Neoscona theisi（Walckenaer） and Enoplognatha japonica（Boes.et Str.） in low-altitude tea garden.Furthermore,the results demonstrated that the main pests also have Scirtothrips dorsalis（Hood） and Ricania cacaonic（Chou et Lu） in high-altitude tea garden;and Empoasca vitis（Gothe） and Brevipalpus theae（Ma et Yuan） in mid-altitude tea garden;as well as Empoasca vitis（Gothe）,Scirtothrips dorsalis（Hood）,Dialeurodes citri（Ashmead） and Ceroplastes rubens（Maskell） in low-altitude tea garden.Whilst the main natural enemies also have Erigonidium graminicolum（Sundevall）,Neoscona theisi（Walckenaer） and Enoplognatha japonica（Boes.et Str.） in high-altitude tea garden;and Theridion octomaculatum（Boes.et Str.）,Erigonidium graminicolum（Sundevall）,Tetragnatha maxillosa（Thorell）,Lycosa pseudoannulata（Boes.et Str.） and Misumenops tricuspidatus（Fabr.） in mid-altitude tea garden;as well as Theridion octomaculatum（Boes.et Str.）,Tetragnatha maxillosa（Thorell）,Erigonidium graminicolum（Sundevall）,Clubiona japonicola（Boes.et Str.） and Lei axyridis（Pallas） in low-altitude tea garden.Specially,the results of F-testing showed that there were highly significant differences in community diversity index（F=17.57）,individual numbers（F=5.27） and evenness of arthropod community（F=23.46） among the three tea gardens of different altitudes（all FF0.01 =4.79）.However,no statistically significant differences existed in numbers of species among the three tea gardens of different altitudes（F=2.32 F0.05 =3.07）.The result indicated that the community diversity index in low-altitude tea garden was greater than that in high and medium-altitude tea garden.Furthermore,community diversity index and species numbers of phytophagous sub-communities in the three tea gardens of different altitudes also were further surveyed.The statistical results indicated that the F values for community diversity index and species numbers were,respectively,1.70 and 1.74,indicating that no statistically significant differences existed in them（all F valuesF0.05=3.07）.In contrast,there were highly significant differences in individual numbers（F=11.55） and evenness（F=7.87） among the three tea gardens of different altitudes（all F values F0.01 =4.79）.Whilst statistically significant differences in community diversity index（F=5.13）,species numbers（F=6.76） and individual numbers（F=8.78） of predacious sub-communities also existed in the three tea gardens of different altitudes（all F valuesF0.01 =4.79）.The above three indexes in low-altitude tea garden was greater than those in high and medium-altitude tea garden.In addition,no statistically significant differences existed in evenness among the three tea gardens of different altitudes（F=1.06F0.05 =3.07）.These above results indicated that the total community diversity index and the relative stability values of communities in low-altitude tea garden were greatest in the three tea gardens of different altitudes.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第14期4161-4168,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30871444)
安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2008A139)
安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(11040606M71)
国家973计划(2010CB126206)
关键词
不同海拔
害虫
天敌
差异分析
different altitudes
pests
natural enemies
variation analysis
作者简介
通讯作者Corresponding author．E-mail：bishoudong@163．com
