摘要
"王射",与"获"、"贯射四"、"无废矢"一样,在当时都是记录射礼的专门术语或固定句式,也是射礼文辞有别于田猎文辞的显著标识;铜鼋既是铭功的庸器、展示商王射艺的实物模型,也是颂扬商王射技武功的纪念物,三者并不矛盾;铭文记载了同一日王所举行的弋射和射鼋两种射礼;当时可能是把鼋悬挂在两个立柱之间作箭靶的,这说明商周时代的射礼曾经历了一个从田猎竞射到射牲、再到射侯的发展历程,而铜鼋所反映的正是由实射动物到射侯的过渡形态。
It is considered that Wang She （Shang King in the archery ritual）, Huo （shooting achievement）, Guan She Si （four arrows are shot through the same target） and Wu Fei Shi （no wasting arrows） were all technical terms or fixed sentence patterns for recording shooting ritual, which were also a remarkable sign to distinguish the shooting ritual diction and the hunting diction. The bronze tortoise is not only a realistic art for engraving merit and a practicality model for showing successful shooting of the Shang King, but also a memorial for eulogizing his military accomplishments. The three aspects of meaning are not contradictory. The inscriptions on the bronze tortoise recorded two kinds of shooting rituals, Yi She （ using an arrow tied with rope to shoot bird） and She Yuan （shooting tortoise） , which were held by Shang King on one day. Synthesizing the life habit and active state of tortoises, the characteristic and position of arrows on the bronze tortoise, the length of the arrows and the flight trajectory, the tortoise might be hung between two columns as a target. This means that the shooting ritual in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties indeed experienced the development course from Tian Lie Jing She （hunting ceremony） to She Sheng （shooting sacrifices and then She Hou （shooting targets） . The bronze tortoise can be regarded as a transitional form from shooting animals to She Hou.
出处
《中原文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第1期43-52,共10页
Cultural Relics of Central China
关键词
铜鼋
铭文
射礼
射法
bronze tortoise
inscription
shooting ritual
archery methods on shooting ritual
