摘要
2008-2009年通过大田试验,研究了限水灌溉条件下,不同施氮量对冬小麦产量、氮素利用、土壤硝态氮动态变化及氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥显著增加小麦穗数和穗粒数,对千粒重无显著影响。作物产量、吸氮量与施氮量均呈抛物线关系,施氮量超过N240 kg/hm^2,产量和吸氮量随施氮量增加略有降低。小麦起身期后,0—100 cm土层都有硝态氮分布,且随土层深度增加而减少;相同土层则随施氮量的增加而增加。土壤硝态氮积累量随生育期推进而降低,N0和N120处理分别在拔节期和开花期后表现出氮素亏缺;成熟期,土壤表观盈余以残留为主,表观损失量占小部分。氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率随施氮量增加呈降低趋势,而氮素残留率随施氮量增加呈增加趋势。在本试验条件下,施氮量在N 180-220 kg/hm^2水平可以达到产量、氮素表观利用率、氮素残留率的较好结合,是限水灌溉下兼顾经济效益与环境效益的适宜施氮量。
Effects of different N application rates on grain yield and N utilization of winter wheat and soil N balance were studied using field experiment under water-limited irrigation during 2008-2009.The results show that spike numbers and per spike grains of winter wheat are significantly increased under N applications,while the 1000-grain weight is not significant increased.The relationships between grain yield,N uptake and the N application rates are parabolic,and grain yield and N uptake are reduced when N application rates exceed N 240 kg/ha.Soil NO-3-N is found at 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layers after the erecting stage of winter wheat.Soil NO-3-N contents are decreased with increase of soil layer depth under the same treatment,and are increased with increase of N application rates at the same layer.Soil NO-3-N accumulations decrease with winter wheat growth and development.Under the N0 and N120 treatments,there are NO-3-N deficiencies after the jointing stage and anthesis stage.In the harvest stage,soil residual N in 100 cm soil layer is the main part of surplus N,and soil lost N accounts for little percentage.With increase of N application rates,N utilization efficiency and N agronomy efficiency appear downtrend,while the N residual efficiency appears uptrend.Under this experiment condition,N application rates from N 180 to 220 kg/ha has good combinations of grain yield,N utilization efficiency and N residual efficiency.Therefore,the N 180-220 kg/ha are ideal N rates considering both economic benefit and environmental benefit under water-limited irrigation.
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第6期1312-1318,共7页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)"肥料减施增效与农田可持续利用基础研究"(2007CB109306)项目资助
关键词
限水灌溉
冬小麦
产量
氮素利用
氮平衡
limited irrigation
winter wheat
grain yield
N utilization
N balance
作者简介
宁东峰（1985-），女，山东泰安人，硕士研究生，丰要从事作物水肥高效利用机制研究。Tel：0534—2186501，E-mail：smile0808@163．com。
通讯作者Tel：0534—2186307，E-mail：lizhijie5612@163．com
