摘要
氮素流失是农业面源污染的重要来源.为了解四川盆地紫色丘陵区不同种植模式下氮的流失特征,以四川盆地紫色丘陵区4种典型耕作模式紫云英-水稻(M1)、空地-大豆-空地(M2)、空地-生姜(M3)、空地-玉米+红薯(M4)等为研究对象,研究了4种模式从2008年12月到2009年8月共8次有效降雨中氮通过地表径流和渗透水的流失特征.研究期间,4种模式下氮流失量随着降雨量的增加而增加,总氮流失量表现为:M3((30.388±2.86)kg·hm-2)>M4((17.118±1.677)kg·hm-2)>M2((10.987±1.108)kg·hm-2)>M1((6.090±1.051)kg·hm-2).相对于其它模式,M4模式下地表径流量和渗透水量在研究期间均最大,但M3模式下氮通过地表径流和渗透水的流失量最大.另外,非生长季节4个模式下氮流失量相对较低且各模式间差别较小,生长季节4个模式间可溶性氮和总氮通过地表径流和渗透水流失量均表现为M3>M4>M2>M1.4种种植模式下氮通过地表径流和渗透水的流失形态均以硝态氮为主.渗透水中铵态氮和可溶性总氮占总氮的比例高于地表径流.这些结果为该区区域合理选择耕作模式、优化耕作方式、加强管理以控制区域农业面源污染提供了一定的基础数据.
N loss in agriculture is an important source of non-point pollution. To characterize N losses from different cropping modes in the purple hilly region of the Sichuan Basin,N loss in runoff and infiltration of 8 available rainfall events from December 2008 to August 2009 were studied in 4 representative cropping modes: M1 (Chinese milk vetch-rice) ,M2 (fallow land-Soybean-fallow land) ,M3 (fallow land-Ginger) and M4 (Corn-Sweet potato) . N losses increased with the increase of rainfall events. The ranked order of N loss was: M3 ((30. 388 ± 2. 86) kg·hm^-2) M4 ((17. 118 ± 1. 677) kg·hm^-2) M2 ((10. 987 ± 1. 108) kg·hm^-2) M1 ((6. 090 ± 1. 051) kg·hm^-2) during the studied period. M4 had the highest amount of runoff and infiltration,while M3 showed the highest N losses from both runoff and infiltration. In addition,N losses were relatively lower in the non- cropping period,and only a few variations were observed among cropping modes. However,the losses of dissolved N and total N from both runoff and infiltration showed the same order as: M3 M4 M2 M1. Nitrate N was the main N form in N losses from both runoff and infiltration regardless of the cropping modes. The proportion of ammonium N and dissolved N to total N loss from infiltration was higher than that in runoff. The results provide data for selection of cropping mode,optimization of cropping habitat,and regional control of non-point pollution from agriculture.
出处
《环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2221-2228,共8页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
四川省重点公益性项目(No2007NGY006)
国家"十一五"重大科技支撑计划课题(No2008BADC2B01
2006BAC01A11)
四川省杰出青年学科带头人培养基金(No07ZQ026-022)
四川高等学校科技创新重大培育计划(No2007ZZ024
09ZZ023)~~
关键词
种植模式
紫色土
氮素流失
面源污染
cropping mode
purple soil
N losses
non-point pollution
作者简介
罗艺(1984-),男,E-mail:tino2341776@126.com
责任作者:杨万勤(1969-),男,教授,博士生导师.主持多项国家自然基金项目和省部级重大项目,教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”入选者.主要研究方向:土壤生态学.Tel:0835—2882132;E-mail:scyangwq@163.com.